Abstract
Kale is becoming an important vegetable worldwide, mainly due to its nutritional properties. Kale leaves can be marketed whole, although minimal processing is also in demand. In this article, it was analyzed the effect of packaging in a modified atmosphere of fresh-cut kale leaves stored at 20 °C and 4 °C. Kale leaves were cut into 4 × 4 cm strips and stored in low-density polyethylene bags. Samples processed in the same way but stored in PVC were used as controls. Leaves kept in a modified atmosphere showed a delay in color change with Hue values from about 130 to 120 under PMA against 130 to 100 in control group (CTR) leaves. Chlorophyll degradation was also delayed in both storage temperatures. Samples stored under PMA showed about two times the levels of total chlorophylls with respect to CTR samples at the end of the storage. No changes in total sugar content were detected during storage and no differences were detected between control and modified atmospheres stored samples. Samples maintained in a modified atmosphere showed a lower decrement in soluble proteins and a lower rate of RUBISCO degradation at both temperatures. The relation of RUBISCO content PMA/CTR ranged from 1 to about 3 toward the end of storage No changes in phenols content were found when comparing control and treated samples. However, flavonoid and the antioxidant contents increased in samples stored in modified atmospheres with respect to their controls. We demonstrated that storage in modified atmospheres could be an adequate and simple methodology to extend postharvest life of this minimally processed product at both ambient and refrigerated storage.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Modified atmosphere delayed color change in kale leaves.
- Taxon
- kale
Brassica oleracea var. viridist0 - Treatment
- modified atmospheree0
- Outcome
- color changee0
- Direction
- delaye0
- Value
- about 130 to 120e0
- Qualifier
- 130 to 100e0
- Comparator
- control group (CTR)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaves kept in a modified atmosphere showed a delay in color change with Hue values from about 130 to 120 under PMA against 130 to 100 in control group (CTR) leaves”
t0“kale”
Claim · model-written summary
Modified atmosphere delayed chlorophyll degradation at both storage temperatures.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- modified atmospheree1
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll degradatione0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Qualifier
- both storage temperaturese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorophyll degradation was also delayed in both storage temperatures”
e1“packaging in a modified atmosphere”
t0“kale”
Claim · model-written summary
Modified atmosphere samples retained about twice the total chlorophyll of controls by storage end.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- PMAe0
- Outcome
- levels of total chlorophyllse0
- Direction
- about two timese0
- Value
- about two timese0
- Qualifier
- at the end of the storagee0
- Comparator
- CTR samplese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Samples stored under PMA showed about two times the levels of total chlorophylls with respect to CTR samples at the end of the storage”
t0“kale”
Claim · model-written summary
Total sugar content did not change during storage and did not differ between atmospheres.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- modified atmospherese0
- Outcome
- total sugar contente0
- Direction
- no differencese0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No changes in total sugar content were detected during storage and no differences were detected between control and modified atmospheres stored samples”
t0“kale”
Claim · model-written summary
Modified atmosphere lessened the decrement in soluble proteins at both temperatures.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- modified atmospheree0
- Outcome
- soluble proteinse0
- Direction
- lower decremente0
- Qualifier
- both temperaturese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Samples maintained in a modified atmosphere showed a lower decrement in soluble proteins and a lower rate of RUBISCO degradation at both temperatures”
t0“kale”
Claim · model-written summary
Modified atmosphere lowered the rate of RUBISCO degradation at both temperatures.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- modified atmospheree0
- Gene
- RUBISCOe0
- Outcome
- RUBISCO degradatione0
- Direction
- lower ratee0
- Qualifier
- both temperaturese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Samples maintained in a modified atmosphere showed a lower decrement in soluble proteins and a lower rate of RUBISCO degradation at both temperatures”
t0“kale”
Claim · model-written summary
The PMA to control RUBISCO content ratio rose to about 3 near storage end.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Gene
- RUBISCOe0
- Outcome
- RUBISCO content PMA/CTRe0
- Value
- 1 to about 3e0
- Qualifier
- toward the end of storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relation of RUBISCO content PMA/CTR ranged from 1 to about 3 toward the end of storage”
t0“kale”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenol content did not differ between treated and control kale.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- treated samplese0
- Outcome
- phenols contente0
- Direction
- No changese0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No changes in phenols content were found when comparing control and treated samples”
t0“kale”
Claim · model-written summary
Modified atmosphere raised flavonoid and antioxidant content relative to controls.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- modified atmospherese0
- Outcome
- flavonoid and the antioxidant contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- their controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“flavonoid and the antioxidant contents increased in samples stored in modified atmospheres with respect to their controls”
t0“kale”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded modified atmosphere storage could extend postharvest life at ambient and refrigerated temperatures.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- storage in modified atmospherese0
- Outcome
- extend postharvest lifee0
- Qualifier
- both ambient and refrigerated storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“storage in modified atmospheres could be an adequate and simple methodology to extend postharvest life of this minimally processed product at both ambient and refrigerated storage”
t0“kale”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.