Abstract
White light emitting diodes (LED) have commonly been used as a sole light source for the indoor production of microgreens. However, the response of microgreens to the inclusion of ultraviolet A (UVA) and/or far-red (FR) light to white LED light remains unknown. To investigate the effects of adding UVA and FR light to white LEDs on plant biomass, height, and the concentrations of phytochemicals, four species of microgreens including basil, cabbage, kale, and kohlrabi were grown under six light treatments. The first three treatments were white LED (control) and two UVA treatments (adding UVA to white LED for the whole growth period or for the last 5 days). Another three treatments consisted of adding FR to the first three treatments. The total photon flux density (TPFD) for all six light treatments was the same. The percentages of UVA and FR photons in the TPFD were 23% and 32%, respectively. Compared to white LEDs, adding UVA throughout the growth period did not affect plant height in all the species except for basil, where 9% reduction was observed regardless of the FR light. On the contrary, the addition of FR light increased plant heights by 9–18% for basil, cabbage, and kohlrabi, regardless of the UVA treatment, compared to white LED. Furthermore, regardless of UVA, adding FR to white LEDs reduced the plant biomass, total phenolic contents, and antioxidant concentrations for at least one species. There was no interaction between FR and UVA on all the above growth and quality traits for all the species. In summary, microgreens were more sensitive to the addition of FR light compared to UVA; however, the addition of FR to white LEDs may reduce yields and phytochemicals in some species.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
UVA throughout growth did not affect cabbage height.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatae1 - Treatment
- adding UVA throughout the growth periode0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Comparator
- white LEDse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to white LEDs, adding UVA throughout the growth period did not affect plant height in all the species except for basil”
e1“four species of microgreens including basil, cabbage, kale, and kohlrabi”
Claim · model-written summary
UVA throughout growth did not affect kale height.
- Taxon
- kale
Brassica oleracea var. viridise1 - Treatment
- adding UVA throughout the growth periode0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adding UVA throughout the growth period did not affect plant height in all the species except for basil”
e1“four species of microgreens including basil, cabbage, kale, and kohlrabi”
Claim · model-written summary
UVA throughout growth did not affect kohlrabi height.
- Taxon
- kohlrabi
Brassica oleracea var. gongylodese1 - Treatment
- adding UVA throughout the growth periode0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adding UVA throughout the growth period did not affect plant height in all the species except for basil”
e1“four species of microgreens including basil, cabbage, kale, and kohlrabi”
Claim · model-written summary
UVA throughout growth reduced basil height by 9% regardless of FR.
- Taxon
- basil
Ocimum basilicume0 - Treatment
- adding UVA throughout the growth periode0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 9%e0
- Qualifier
- regardless of the FR lighte0
- Comparator
- white LEDse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to white LEDs, adding UVA throughout the growth period did not affect plant height in all the species except for basil, where 9% reduction was observed regardless of the FR light.”
Claim · model-written summary
FR increased basil height by 9–18% regardless of UVA.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- addition of FR lighte0
- Outcome
- plant heightse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 9–18%e0
- Qualifier
- regardless of the UVA treatmente0
- Comparator
- white LEDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of FR light increased plant heights by 9–18% for basil, cabbage, and kohlrabi, regardless of the UVA treatment, compared to white LED.”
Claim · model-written summary
FR increased cabbage height by 9–18% regardless of UVA.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- addition of FR lighte0
- Outcome
- plant heightse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 9–18%e0
- Qualifier
- regardless of the UVA treatmente0
- Comparator
- white LEDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of FR light increased plant heights by 9–18% for basil, cabbage, and kohlrabi, regardless of the UVA treatment, compared to white LED.”
Claim · model-written summary
FR increased kohlrabi height by 9–18% regardless of UVA.
- Taxon
- kohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodese0
- Treatment
- addition of FR lighte0
- Outcome
- plant heightse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 9–18%e0
- Qualifier
- regardless of the UVA treatmente0
- Comparator
- white LEDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of FR light increased plant heights by 9–18% for basil, cabbage, and kohlrabi, regardless of the UVA treatment, compared to white LED.”
Claim · model-written summary
FR reduced biomass in at least one species, regardless of UVA.
- Taxon
- microgreenst0
- Treatment
- adding FR to white LEDse0
- Outcome
- plant biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- for at least one speciese0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“regardless of UVA, adding FR to white LEDs reduced the plant biomass, total phenolic contents, and antioxidant concentrations for at least one species.”
t0“Indoor-Grown Microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
FR reduced total phenolic content in at least one species, regardless of UVA.
- Taxon
- microgreenst0
- Treatment
- adding FR to white LEDse0
- Outcome
- total phenolic contentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- for at least one speciese0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“regardless of UVA, adding FR to white LEDs reduced the plant biomass, total phenolic contents, and antioxidant concentrations for at least one species.”
t0“Indoor-Grown Microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
FR reduced antioxidant concentrations in at least one species, regardless of UVA.
- Taxon
- microgreenst0
- Treatment
- adding FR to white LEDse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant concentrationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- for at least one speciese0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“regardless of UVA, adding FR to white LEDs reduced the plant biomass, total phenolic contents, and antioxidant concentrations for at least one species.”
t0“Indoor-Grown Microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
FR and UVA showed no interaction for growth and quality traits in the four species.
Verbatim
e0“There was no interaction between FR and UVA on all the above growth and quality traits for all the species.”
t0“Indoor-Grown Microgreens”
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