Abstract
ABSTRACT One of the main obstacles to indoor agriculture is the high expense of lighting energy. The purpose of this study was to investigate how to grow broccoli microgreens under low light with higher yield and better quality. Broccoli seedlings were exposed to different photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) ranging from 50 to 150 μmol/m 2 s, along with supplemental far‐red (FR) light (20% of total photon flux density (TPFD)) at 50 and 75 μmol/m 2 s. Broccoli grown under 50, 75, and 100 μmol/m 2 s exhibited the highest fresh weight. As light intensity decreased, the hypocotyl length of broccoli microgreens increased. High chlorophyll, carotenoid, and anthocyanin contents were observed at 100 and 150 μmol/m 2 s, while ascorbic acid and total phenolics were higher at 50 and 75 μmol/m 2 s. The addition of FR light resulted in increased plant height, fresh weight, and antioxidant concentration. However, there was a significant decrease in total phenolic content. These results indicate that broccoli microgreen can adapt to low light with high yield and quality. Addition of FR under low light can further increase microgreen yield and plant height. Furthermore, postharvest quality and shelf‐life of microgreens under 50 and 75 μmol/m 2 s were better than those under 100 and 150 μmol/m 2 s. This research provides the platform for further managing microgreen growth under low light to reduce energy consumption for controlled environment agriculture (CEA).
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Broccoli microgreens grown under 50, 75 and 100 μmol/m2 s had the highest fresh weight.
- Taxon
- Broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicae0 - Treatment
- 50, 75, and 100 μmol/m 2 se1
- Outcome
- fresh weighte1
- Direction
- higheste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Broccoli seedlings were exposed to different photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) ranging from 50 to 150 μmol/m 2 s”
e1“Broccoli grown under 50, 75, and 100 μmol/m 2 s exhibited the highest fresh weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Hypocotyl length of broccoli microgreens increased as light intensity decreased.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- light intensitye2
- Outcome
- hypocotyl lengthe2
- Direction
- increasede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Broccoli seedlings were exposed to different photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) ranging from 50 to 150 μmol/m 2 s”
e2“As light intensity decreased, the hypocotyl length of broccoli microgreens increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin contents were higher at 100 and 150 μmol/m2 s.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- 100 and 150 μmol/m 2 se3
- Outcome
- chlorophyll, carotenoid, and anthocyanin contentse3
- Direction
- higherinferrede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Broccoli seedlings were exposed to different photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) ranging from 50 to 150 μmol/m 2 s”
e3“High chlorophyll, carotenoid, and anthocyanin contents were observed at 100 and 150 μmol/m 2 s”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid and total phenolics were higher at 50 and 75 μmol/m2 s.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- 50 and 75 μmol/m 2 se4
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid and total phenolicse4
- Direction
- highere4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Broccoli seedlings were exposed to different photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) ranging from 50 to 150 μmol/m 2 s”
e4“while ascorbic acid and total phenolics were higher at 50 and 75 μmol/m 2 s”
Claim · model-written summary
Addition of far-red light increased plant height, fresh weight and antioxidant concentration of broccoli microgreens.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- addition of FR lighte5
- Outcome
- plant height, fresh weight, and antioxidant concentratione5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Broccoli seedlings were exposed to different photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) ranging from 50 to 150 μmol/m 2 s”
e5“The addition of FR light resulted in increased plant height, fresh weight, and antioxidant concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red light addition significantly decreased total phenolic content of broccoli microgreens.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- addition of FR lighte5
- Outcome
- total phenolic contente6
- Direction
- decreasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Broccoli seedlings were exposed to different photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) ranging from 50 to 150 μmol/m 2 s”
e5“The addition of FR light resulted in increased plant height, fresh weight, and antioxidant concentration”
e6“However, there was a significant decrease in total phenolic content”
Claim · model-written summary
Postharvest quality and shelf-life of microgreens under 50 and 75 μmol/m2 s were better than under 100 and 150 μmol/m2 s.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- under 50 and 75 μmol/m 2 se7
- Outcome
- postharvest quality and shelf‐lifee7
- Direction
- bettere7
- Comparator
- 100 and 150 μmol/m 2 se7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Broccoli seedlings were exposed to different photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) ranging from 50 to 150 μmol/m 2 s”
e7“postharvest quality and shelf‐life of microgreens under 50 and 75 μmol/m 2 s were better than those under 100 and 150 μmol/m 2 s”
Claim · model-written summary
Broccoli microgreens can adapt to low light with high yield and quality.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Outcome
- broccoli microgreen can adapt to low light with high yield and qualitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Broccoli seedlings were exposed to different photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) ranging from 50 to 150 μmol/m 2 s”
e1“These results indicate that broccoli microgreen can adapt to low light with high yield and quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding far-red light under low light can further increase microgreen yield and plant height.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- Addition of FR under low lighte1
- Outcome
- microgreen yield and plant heighte1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Broccoli seedlings were exposed to different photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) ranging from 50 to 150 μmol/m 2 s”
e1“Addition of FR under low light can further increase microgreen yield and plant height”
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