Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) provides an irreplaceable strategy for commercial exploitation of heterosis and producing high-yielding hybrid rice. The exogenous application of plant growth regulators could improve outcrossing rates of the CMS lines by affecting floral traits and accordingly increase hybrid rice seed production. The present study aimed at exploring the impact of growth regulators such as gibberellic acid (GA3), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on promoting floral traits and outcrossing rates in diverse rice CMS lines and improving hybrid rice seed production. The impact of foliar applications of growth regulators comprising GA3 at 300 g/ha or GA3 at 150 g/ha + IAA at 50 g/ha + NAA at 200 g/ha versus untreated control was investigated on floral, growth, and yield traits of five diverse CMS lines. The exogenously sprayed growth regulators, in particular, the combination of GA3, IAA, and NAA (T3) boosted all studied floral, growth, and yield traits in all tested CMS lines. Moreover, the evaluated CMS lines exhibited significant differences in all measured floral traits. L2, L3, and L1 displayed the uppermost spikelet opening angle, duration of spikelet opening, total stigma length, style length, stigma brush, and stigma width. In addition, these CMS lines exhibited the highest plant growth and yield traits, particularly under T3. Consequently, exogenous application of GA3, IAA, and NAA could be exploited to improve the floral, growth, and yield traits of promising CMS lines such as L2, L3, and L1, hence increasing outcrossing rates and hybrid rice seed production.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
The GA3, IAA and NAA combination boosted floral traits in all CMS lines.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- combination of GA3, IAA, and NAA (T3)e0
- Outcome
- florale0
- Direction
- boostede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination of GA3, IAA, and NAA (T3) boosted all studied floral, growth, and yield traits in all tested CMS lines”
t0“Rice Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines”
e1“untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
The regulator combination boosted growth traits in all CMS lines.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combination of GA3, IAA, and NAA (T3)e0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- boostede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination of GA3, IAA, and NAA (T3) boosted all studied floral, growth, and yield traits in all tested CMS lines”
t0“Rice Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines”
e1“untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
The regulator combination boosted yield traits in all CMS lines.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combination of GA3, IAA, and NAA (T3)e0
- Outcome
- yield traitse0
- Direction
- boostede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination of GA3, IAA, and NAA (T3) boosted all studied floral, growth, and yield traits in all tested CMS lines”
t0“Rice Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines”
e1“untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
CMS lines differed significantly in measured floral traits.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- all measured floral traitse0
- Direction
- differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the evaluated CMS lines exhibited significant differences in all measured floral traits”
t0“Rice Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines”
Claim · model-written summary
L2, L3 and L1 had the highest spikelet opening and stigma traits.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- L2, L3, and L1e0
- Outcome
- spikelet opening angle, duration of spikelet opening, total stigma lengthe0
- Direction
- uppermoste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“L2, L3, and L1 displayed the uppermost spikelet opening angle, duration of spikelet opening, total stigma length, style length, stigma brush, and stigma width”
t0“Rice Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines”
Claim · model-written summary
L2, L3 and L1 had highest growth and yield traits, particularly with T3.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- T3e0
- Outcome
- plant growth and yield traitse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these CMS lines exhibited the highest plant growth and yield traits, particularly under T3”
t0“Rice Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend GA3, IAA and NAA for CMS floral, growth and yield improvement and seed production.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- improve the floral, growth, and yield traits of promising CMS linese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous application of GA3, IAA, and NAA could be exploited to improve the floral, growth, and yield traits of promising CMS lines such as L2, L3, and L1, hence increasing outcrossing rates and hybrid rice seed production”
t0“Rice Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines”
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