Abstract
SUMMARY Nitrogen efficiency from Azolla microphylla or Sesbania rostrata green manure, rice straw, and inorganic fertilizer-N was compared in two long-term experiments with irrigated lowland rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Treatments included a control and each nitrogen source alone or in combinations that provided 50% of the total applied nitrogen from an organic and inorganic nitrogen source. All nitrogen sources were applied at equivalent nitrogen rates to 19–22 consecutive rice crops. Residual effects were assessed in two subsequent cropping seasons at one site. Lower grain yield, agronomic efficiency (Δgrain per kg total applied nitrogen), and apparent nitrogen uptake were obtained from green manure and rice straw nitrogen as sole or dual nitrogen sources rather than from a standard split application of prilled urea. Compared to prilled urea, residual effects from green manure or rice straw included a significant increase in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen, and greater extractable soil nitrogen in the vegetative growth period. After panicle initiation there was no residual effect on the rate of crop nitrogen accumulation, and final grain yields were similar regardless of previous nitrogen source. Recycling of rice straw appeared to have greater potential for reducing fertilizer-N requirements than use of green manure because rice straw is often a wasted resource in irrigated rice systems of the humid tropics, the efficiency of rice straw nitrogen in combination with prilled urea is comparable to green manure nitrogen, and the increase in soil nitrogen from rice straw was 50–150% greater than from green manure.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure and rice straw nitrogen gave lower rice grain yield than split prilled urea.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- green manure and rice straw nitrogene0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- Lowere0
- Comparator
- standard split application of prilled ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lower grain yield, agronomic efficiency (Δgrain per kg total applied nitrogen), and apparent nitrogen uptake were obtained from green manure and rice straw nitrogen as sole or dual nitrogen sources rather than from a standard split application of prilled urea”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure and rice straw nitrogen gave lower agronomic efficiency than split prilled urea.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- green manure and rice straw nitrogene0
- Outcome
- agronomic efficiencye0
- Direction
- Lowere0
- Comparator
- standard split application of prilled ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lower grain yield, agronomic efficiency (Δgrain per kg total applied nitrogen), and apparent nitrogen uptake were obtained from green manure and rice straw nitrogen as sole or dual nitrogen sources rather than from a standard split application of prilled urea”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure and rice straw nitrogen gave lower apparent nitrogen uptake than split prilled urea.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- green manure and rice straw nitrogene0
- Outcome
- apparent nitrogen uptakee0
- Direction
- Lowere0
- Comparator
- standard split application of prilled ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lower grain yield, agronomic efficiency (Δgrain per kg total applied nitrogen), and apparent nitrogen uptake were obtained from green manure and rice straw nitrogen as sole or dual nitrogen sources rather than from a standard split application of prilled urea”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure or rice straw increased residual soil organic carbon relative to prilled urea.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- green manure or rice strawe0
- Outcome
- soil organic carbone0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- prilled ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to prilled urea, residual effects from green manure or rice straw included a significant increase in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure or rice straw increased residual soil total nitrogen relative to prilled urea.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- green manure or rice strawe0
- Outcome
- total nitrogene0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- prilled ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to prilled urea, residual effects from green manure or rice straw included a significant increase in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure or rice straw left greater extractable soil nitrogen during vegetative growth than prilled urea.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative growth periode0
- Treatment
- green manure or rice strawe0
- Outcome
- extractable soil nitrogene0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- prilled ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to prilled urea, residual effects from green manure or rice straw included a significant increase in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen, and greater extractable soil nitrogen in the vegetative growth period”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Prior nitrogen source had no residual effect on rice nitrogen accumulation rate after panicle initiation.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- panicle initiatione0
- Treatment
- previous nitrogen sourcee0
- Outcome
- rate of crop nitrogen accumulatione0
- Direction
- no residual effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After panicle initiation there was no residual effect on the rate of crop nitrogen accumulation, and final grain yields were similar regardless of previous nitrogen source”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Final rice grain yields were similar regardless of prior nitrogen source.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- previous nitrogen sourcee0
- Outcome
- final grain yieldse0
- Direction
- similare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“final grain yields were similar regardless of previous nitrogen source”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw nitrogen combined with prilled urea had efficiency comparable to green manure nitrogen.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- efficiency of rice straw nitrogene0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- green manure nitrogene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the efficiency of rice straw nitrogen in combination with prilled urea is comparable to green manure nitrogen”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw increased soil nitrogen 50–150% more than green manure.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- soil nitrogene0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 50–150%e0
- Comparator
- green manuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increase in soil nitrogen from rice straw was 50–150% greater than from green manure”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors consider straw recycling more promising than green manure for reducing fertilizer nitrogen requirements.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Recycling of rice strawe0
- Comparator
- use of green manuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Recycling of rice straw appeared to have greater potential for reducing fertilizer-N requirements than use of green manure”
t0“Rice”
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