Abstract
Excessive fertilization is associated with nutrient loss, soil compaction, and weak plant resistance. Straw returning can increase soil fertility with a consequent reduction in fertilizer, but the effects of fertilizer reduction coupled with straw returning on crop endophytic microbes and crop disease are poorly understood. Therefore, using metagenomic sequencing methods we investigated the responses of soil fertility, diversity, the function of root endophytic bacteria, and the occurrence of wheat crown rot due to the application of fertilizer (no, moderate and excessive fertilizer) coupled with or without straw returning after 7 years of treatments. The results showed that, after excessive fertilization, the wheat crown rot became severe, registering a disease index of 23. Compared with excessive fertilization, moderate fertilization coupled with straw returning significantly reduced the incidence of wheat crown rot, the disease index was reduced by 38.50%, and the richness and diversity of endophytic bacteria were increased by 61.20 and 11.93%, respectively, but the soil fertility was not significantly affected. In addition, moderate fertilization coupled with straw returning changed the community structure of endophytic bacteria and increased the relative abundance of carbohydrate metabolism and nitrogen fixation-related genes by 4.72 and 9.32%, respectively. Our results indicated that fertilizer reduction coupled with straw returning reduced the occurrence of wheat crown rot, increased the diversity of endophytic bacteria, and changed the community structure and function of endophytic bacteria, which will provide a better understanding of the interaction of fertilization coupled with straw returning, endophytic bacteria and wheat crown rot.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Excessive fertilization was associated with severe wheat crown rot, with a disease index of 23.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- excessive fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- wheat crown rote0
- Direction
- became severee0
- Value
- 23e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after excessive fertilization, the wheat crown rot became severe, registering a disease index of 23”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate fertilization with straw returning reduced wheat crown rot incidence compared with excessive fertilization.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- moderate fertilization coupled with straw returninge0
- Outcome
- incidence of wheat crown rote0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- excessive fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with excessive fertilization, moderate fertilization coupled with straw returning significantly reduced the incidence of wheat crown rot, the disease index was reduced by 38.50%, and the richness and diversity of endophytic bacteria were increased by 61.20 and 11.93%, respectively, but the soil fertility was not significantly affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate fertilization with straw returning reduced the wheat crown rot disease index by 38.50% compared with excessive fertilization.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- moderate fertilization coupled with straw returninge0
- Outcome
- disease indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 38.50%e0
- Comparator
- excessive fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with excessive fertilization, moderate fertilization coupled with straw returning significantly reduced the incidence of wheat crown rot, the disease index was reduced by 38.50%, and the richness and diversity of endophytic bacteria were increased by 61.20 and 11.93%, respectively, but the soil fertility was not significantly affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate fertilization with straw returning increased wheat root endophytic bacterial richness by 61.20% compared with excessive fertilization.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- moderate fertilization coupled with straw returninge0
- Interactor
- endophytic bacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- richnesse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 61.20e0
- Comparator
- excessive fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with excessive fertilization, moderate fertilization coupled with straw returning significantly reduced the incidence of wheat crown rot, the disease index was reduced by 38.50%, and the richness and diversity of endophytic bacteria were increased by 61.20 and 11.93%, respectively, but the soil fertility was not significantly affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate fertilization with straw returning increased wheat root endophytic bacterial diversity by 11.93% compared with excessive fertilization.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- moderate fertilization coupled with straw returninge0
- Interactor
- endophytic bacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- diversity of endophytic bacteriae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11.93%e0
- Comparator
- excessive fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with excessive fertilization, moderate fertilization coupled with straw returning significantly reduced the incidence of wheat crown rot, the disease index was reduced by 38.50%, and the richness and diversity of endophytic bacteria were increased by 61.20 and 11.93%, respectively, but the soil fertility was not significantly affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate fertilization with straw returning did not significantly affect soil fertility compared with excessive fertilization.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- moderate fertilization coupled with straw returninge0
- Outcome
- soil fertilitye0
- Comparator
- excessive fertilizatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with excessive fertilization, moderate fertilization coupled with straw returning significantly reduced the incidence of wheat crown rot, the disease index was reduced by 38.50%, and the richness and diversity of endophytic bacteria were increased by 61.20 and 11.93%, respectively, but the soil fertility was not significantly affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate fertilization with straw returning changed wheat root endophytic bacterial community structure.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- moderate fertilization coupled with straw returninge0
- Interactor
- endophytic bacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- community structure of endophytic bacteriae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“moderate fertilization coupled with straw returning changed the community structure of endophytic bacteria and increased the relative abundance of carbohydrate metabolism and nitrogen fixation-related genes by 4.72 and 9.32%, respectively”
e1“The results showed that, after excessive fertilization, the wheat crown rot became severe”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate fertilization with straw returning increased the relative abundance of carbohydrate metabolism genes in wheat root endophytic bacteria by 4.72%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- moderate fertilization coupled with straw returninge0
- Interactor
- endophytic bacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- relative abundance of carbohydrate metabolisme0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.72e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“moderate fertilization coupled with straw returning changed the community structure of endophytic bacteria and increased the relative abundance of carbohydrate metabolism and nitrogen fixation-related genes by 4.72 and 9.32%, respectively”
e1“The results showed that, after excessive fertilization, the wheat crown rot became severe”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate fertilization with straw returning increased the relative abundance of nitrogen fixation-related genes in wheat root endophytic bacteria by 9.32%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- moderate fertilization coupled with straw returninge0
- Interactor
- endophytic bacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrogen fixation-related genese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 9.32%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“moderate fertilization coupled with straw returning changed the community structure of endophytic bacteria and increased the relative abundance of carbohydrate metabolism and nitrogen fixation-related genes by 4.72 and 9.32%, respectively”
e1“The results showed that, after excessive fertilization, the wheat crown rot became severe”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.