Abstract
Core Ideas Straw returned twice each year (WC‐MC and WH‐MC) significantly enhanced SOC and DOC. Return of both wheat and maize chopped straw had highest β‐1,4‐xylosidase, invertase, and enhanced Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria . Retention of high wheat stubble and return of chopped straw had highest β‐1,4‐glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, and enhanced Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes . Amount and complexity of straw added led to differences in C, enzyme activity, and microbial composition. High wheat stubble and crushed straw improved yields and bacterial richness, but had less C sequestration. Little is known about the responses of organic carbon fractions, enzymes activity, and soil bacterial communities and diversity to different straw return modes in intensive maize‐wheat double‐cropping systems. An 8‐yr field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different straw return modes. Four treatments were compared: (i) return of both wheat and maize chopped straw (WC‐MC); (ii) retention of high wheat stubble and return of chopped maize straw (WH‐MC); (iii) retention of high wheat stubble and no return of maize straw (WH‐MN); and (iv) no return of straw of both wheat and maize (WN‐MN). Soil organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and particulate organic carbon content increased significantly in the WC‐MC and WH‐MC. Beta‐1‐4‐xylosidase and invertase were higher in the WC‐MC treatment than in WH‐MC, while the highest β‐1,4‐glucosidase activities were observed in WH‐MC. However, the activity of polyphenol oxidase was low in all three straw return treatments. Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria dominated in WC‐MC, while the Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes phyla dominated WH‐MC. The two high wheat stubble retention modes caused significant increases in bacterial richness. Redundancy analysis showed that C input amount and organic carbon content were the most influential factors determining bacterial community structure. The observed effects were due to straw amount and the complex composition of WH‐MC added during the wheat growing season compared to WC‐MC. In conclusion, the straw return mode that employs high wheat stubble retention and chopped maize straw return is sufficient to maintain organic carbon levels and improve the soil microenvironment
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Twice yearly straw return enhanced soil organic and dissolved organic carbon.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Straw returned twice each year (WC‐MC and WH‐MC)e0
- Outcome
- SOC and DOCe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Straw returned twice each year (WC‐MC and WH‐MC) significantly enhanced SOC and DOC”
t0“intensive maize‐wheat double‐cropping systems”
Claim · model-written summary
High wheat stubble and crushed straw improved yields.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- High wheat stubble and crushed strawe0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High wheat stubble and crushed straw improved yields and bacterial richness, but had less C sequestration”
Claim · model-written summary
WC-MC and WH-MC increased soil organic, dissolved and particulate carbon.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- WC‐MC and WH‐MCe0
- Outcome
- Soil organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and particulate organic carbon contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and particulate organic carbon content increased significantly in the WC‐MC and WH‐MC”
t0“intensive maize‐wheat double‐cropping systems”
Claim · model-written summary
WC-MC had higher xylosidase and invertase than WH-MC.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- WC‐MCe0
- Outcome
- Beta‐1‐4‐xylosidase and invertasee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- WH‐MCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Beta‐1‐4‐xylosidase and invertase were higher in the WC‐MC treatment than in WH‐MC”
t0“intensive maize‐wheat double‐cropping systems”
Claim · model-written summary
WH-MC had the highest glucosidase activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- WH‐MCe0
- Outcome
- β‐1,4‐glucosidase activitiese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest β‐1,4‐glucosidase activities were observed in WH‐MC”
t0“intensive maize‐wheat double‐cropping systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyphenol oxidase activity was low under all three straw return treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- all three straw return treatmentse0
- Outcome
- activity of polyphenol oxidasee0
- Direction
- lowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activity of polyphenol oxidase was low in all three straw return treatments”
t0“intensive maize‐wheat double‐cropping systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria dominated WC-MC.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- WC‐MCe0
- Outcome
- Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria dominatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria dominated in WC‐MC”
t0“intensive maize‐wheat double‐cropping systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes dominated WH-MC.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- WH‐MCe0
- Outcome
- Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes phyla dominatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes phyla dominated WH‐MC”
t0“intensive maize‐wheat double‐cropping systems”
Claim · model-written summary
High-stubble modes increased bacterial richness.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- two high wheat stubble retention modese0
- Outcome
- bacterial richnesse0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two high wheat stubble retention modes caused significant increases in bacterial richness”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon input and organic carbon most influenced bacterial community structure.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Compound
- organic carbone0
- Outcome
- bacterial community structuree0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C input amount and organic carbon content were the most influential factors determining bacterial community structure”
t0“intensive maize‐wheat double‐cropping systems”
Claim · model-written summary
High wheat stubble with chopped maize straw maintained organic carbon and improved the soil microenvironment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- high wheat stubble retention and chopped maize straw returne0
- Outcome
- maintain organic carbon levels and improve the soil microenvironmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the straw return mode that employs high wheat stubble retention and chopped maize straw return is sufficient to maintain organic carbon levels and improve the soil microenvironment”
The same questions in other papers
organic · soil: chemistry · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
52 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
53 papers more in this group
See all 57 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.