Abstract
Increased inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) additions expected in the future will endanger the biodiversity and stability of agricultural ecosystems. In this context, a long-term fertilizer experiment (37 years) was set up in the black soil of northeast China. We examined interaction impacts of elevated fertilizer and host selection processes on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities in wheat rhizosphere soil using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The soil samples were subjected to five fertilization regimes: no fertilizer (CK) and low N (N1), low N plus low P (N1P1), high N (N2) and high N plus high P (N2P2) fertilizer. Long-term fertilization resulted in a significant shift in rhizosphere soil nutrient concentrations. The N fertilization (N1 and N2) did not significantly change rhizosphere AMF species diversity, but N plus P fertilization (N1P1 and N2P2) decreased it compared with CK. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling showed that the rhizosphere AMF communities in CK, N1, N2, N1P1 and N2P2 treatments were distinct from each other. The AMF communities were predominantly composed of Glomeraceae, accounting for 30.0%–39.1% of the sequences, and the relative abundance of family Glomeraceae was more abundance in fertilized soils, while family Paraglomeraceae were increased in N1 and N2 compared with CK. Analysis shown that AMF diversity was directly affected by soil C:P ratio but indirectly affected by plant under long-term fertilization. Overall, the results indicated that long-term N and P fertilization regimes changed rhizosphere AMF diversity and community composition, and rhizosphere AMF diversity was both affected by soil C:P ratio and plant.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilization did not significantly change rhizosphere AMF species diversity.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- N fertilization (N1 and N2)e2
- Interactor
- AMFe2symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF species diversitye2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities in wheat rhizosphere soil”
e2“The N fertilization (N1 and N2) did not significantly change rhizosphere AMF species diversity”
Claim · model-written summary
N plus P fertilization decreased rhizosphere AMF species diversity compared with the unfertilized control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- N plus P fertilization (N1P1 and N2P2)e3
- Interactor
- AMFe2symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF species diversitye2
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Comparator
- CKe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities in wheat rhizosphere soil”
e2“The N fertilization (N1 and N2) did not significantly change rhizosphere AMF species diversity”
e3“N plus P fertilization (N1P1 and N2P2) decreased it compared with CK”
Claim · model-written summary
The relative abundance of family Glomeraceae was higher in fertilized soils.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- fertilized soilse4
- Interactor
- GlomeraceaeGlomeraceaee4symbiont
- Outcome
- relative abundance of family Glomeraceaee4
- Direction
- more abundancee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities in wheat rhizosphere soil”
e4“the relative abundance of family Glomeraceae was more abundance in fertilized soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Family Paraglomeraceae increased in N1 and N2 compared with CK.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- N1 and N2e5
- Interactor
- ParaglomeraceaeParaglomeraceaee5symbiont
- Outcome
- family Paraglomeraceaee5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- CKe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities in wheat rhizosphere soil”
e5“while family Paraglomeraceae were increased in N1 and N2 compared with CK”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF diversity was directly affected by the soil C:P ratio.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- soil C:P ratioe6
- Interactor
- AMFe6symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF diversitye6
- Qualifier
- directlye6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities in wheat rhizosphere soil”
e6“AMF diversity was directly affected by soil C:P ratio but indirectly affected by plant under long-term fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF diversity was indirectly affected by the plant under long-term fertilization.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- plante6
- Interactor
- AMFe6symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF diversitye6
- Qualifier
- indirectlye6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities in wheat rhizosphere soil”
e6“AMF diversity was directly affected by soil C:P ratio but indirectly affected by plant under long-term fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term N and P fertilization changed rhizosphere AMF diversity and community composition.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- long-term N and P fertilization regimese7
- Interactor
- AMFe7symbiont
- Outcome
- rhizosphere AMF diversity and community compositione7
- Direction
- changede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities in wheat rhizosphere soil”
e7“long-term N and P fertilization regimes changed rhizosphere AMF diversity and community composition”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term fertilization significantly shifted rhizosphere soil nutrient concentrations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Long-term fertilizatione2
- Outcome
- rhizosphere soil nutrient concentrationse2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities in wheat rhizosphere soil”
e2“Long-term fertilization resulted in a significant shift in rhizosphere soil nutrient concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizosphere AMF communities in the CK, N1, N2, N1P1 and N2P2 treatments were distinct from each other.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- CK, N1, N2, N1P1 and N2P2e0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- rhizosphere AMF communitiese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities in wheat rhizosphere soil”
e0“the rhizosphere AMF communities in CK, N1, N2, N1P1 and N2P2 treatments were distinct from each other”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF communities were predominantly composed of Glomeraceae, accounting for 30.0%-39.1% of the sequences.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- AMFe6symbiont
- Outcome
- composed of Glomeraceaee6
- Value
- 30.0%–39.1%e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities in wheat rhizosphere soil”
e6“The AMF communities were predominantly composed of Glomeraceae, accounting for 30.0%–39.1% of the sequences”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · ecology: diversity · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.