Abstract
Soil infertility is the main barrier to dryland agricultural production in China. To provide a basis for the establishment of a soil amelioration technical system for rainfed fields in the semiarid area of northwest China, we conducted a four-year (2007-2011) field experiment to determine the effects of wheat straw incorporation on the arid soil nutrient levels of cropland cultivated with winter wheat after different straw incorporation levels. Three wheat straw incorporation levels were tested (H: 9000 kg hm(-2), M: 6000 kg hm(-2), and L: 3000 kg hm(-2)) and no straw incorporation was used as the control (CK). The levels of soil nutrients, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil labile organic carbon (LOC), and enzyme activities were analyzed each year after the wheat harvest. After straw incorporation for four years, the results showed that variable straw amounts had different effects on the soil fertility indices, where treatment H had the greatest effect. Compared with CK, the average soil available N, available P, available K, SOC, and LOC levels were higher in the 0-40 cm soil layers after straw incorporation treatments, i.e., 9.1-30.5%, 9.8-69.5%, 10.3-27.3%, 0.7-23.4%, and 44.4-49.4% higher, respectively. On average, the urease, phosphatase, and invertase levels in the 0-40 cm soil layers were 24.4-31.3%, 9.9-36.4%, and 42.9-65.3% higher, respectively. Higher yields coupled with higher nutrient contents were achieved with H, M and L compared with CK, where these treatments increased the crop yields by 26.75%, 21.51%, and 7.15%, respectively.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
The highest straw incorporation rate had the greatest effect on soil fertility indices.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- treatment He0
- Outcome
- soil fertility indicese0
- Direction
- greatest effecte0
- Comparator
- variable straw amountse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Straw Incorporation”
e0“variable straw amounts had different effects on the soil fertility indices, where treatment H had the greatest effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw incorporation raised soil available N by 9.1-30.5% relative to no incorporation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- straw incorporation treatmentse0
- Outcome
- soil available Ne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 9.1-30.5%e0
- Qualifier
- 0-40 cm soil layerse0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Straw”
e0“Compared with CK, the average soil available N, available P, available K, SOC, and LOC levels were higher in the 0-40 cm soil layers after straw incorporation treatments, i.e., 9.1-30.5%, 9.8-69.5%, 10.3-27.3%, 0.7-23.4%, and 44.4-49.4% higher, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw incorporation raised soil available P by 9.8-69.5%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- straw incorporation treatmentse0
- Outcome
- available Pe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 9.8-69.5%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Straw”
e0“Compared with CK, the average soil available N, available P, available K, SOC, and LOC levels were higher in the 0-40 cm soil layers after straw incorporation treatments, i.e., 9.1-30.5%, 9.8-69.5%, 10.3-27.3%, 0.7-23.4%, and 44.4-49.4% higher, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw incorporation raised soil available K by 10.3-27.3%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- straw incorporation treatmentse0
- Outcome
- available Ke0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 10.3-27.3%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Straw”
e0“Compared with CK, the average soil available N, available P, available K, SOC, and LOC levels were higher in the 0-40 cm soil layers after straw incorporation treatments, i.e., 9.1-30.5%, 9.8-69.5%, 10.3-27.3%, 0.7-23.4%, and 44.4-49.4% higher, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw incorporation raised soil organic carbon by 0.7-23.4%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- straw incorporation treatmentse0
- Outcome
- SOCe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.7-23.4%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Straw”
e0“Compared with CK, the average soil available N, available P, available K, SOC, and LOC levels were higher in the 0-40 cm soil layers after straw incorporation treatments, i.e., 9.1-30.5%, 9.8-69.5%, 10.3-27.3%, 0.7-23.4%, and 44.4-49.4% higher, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw incorporation raised soil labile organic carbon by 44.4-49.4%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- straw incorporation treatmentse0
- Outcome
- LOCe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 44.4-49.4%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Straw”
e0“Compared with CK, the average soil available N, available P, available K, SOC, and LOC levels were higher in the 0-40 cm soil layers after straw incorporation treatments, i.e., 9.1-30.5%, 9.8-69.5%, 10.3-27.3%, 0.7-23.4%, and 44.4-49.4% higher, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil urease was 24.4-31.3% higher after straw incorporation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Wheat Straw Incorporationt0
- Outcome
- ureasee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 24.4-31.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Straw Incorporation”
e0“On average, the urease, phosphatase, and invertase levels in the 0-40 cm soil layers were 24.4-31.3%, 9.9-36.4%, and 42.9-65.3% higher, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil phosphatase was 9.9-36.4% higher after straw incorporation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Wheat Straw Incorporationt0
- Outcome
- phosphatasee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 9.9-36.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Straw Incorporation”
e0“On average, the urease, phosphatase, and invertase levels in the 0-40 cm soil layers were 24.4-31.3%, 9.9-36.4%, and 42.9-65.3% higher, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil invertase was 42.9-65.3% higher after straw incorporation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Wheat Straw Incorporationt0
- Outcome
- invertasee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 42.9-65.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Straw Incorporation”
e0“On average, the urease, phosphatase, and invertase levels in the 0-40 cm soil layers were 24.4-31.3%, 9.9-36.4%, and 42.9-65.3% higher, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
H increased crop yield by 26.75% relative to CK.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- He0
- Outcome
- crop yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 26.75%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Straw Incorporation”
e0“Higher yields coupled with higher nutrient contents were achieved with H, M and L compared with CK, where these treatments increased the crop yields by 26.75%, 21.51%, and 7.15%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
M increased crop yield by 21.51% relative to CK.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Me0
- Outcome
- crop yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21.51%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Straw Incorporation”
e0“Higher yields coupled with higher nutrient contents were achieved with H, M and L compared with CK, where these treatments increased the crop yields by 26.75%, 21.51%, and 7.15%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
L increased crop yield by 7.15% relative to CK.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Le0
- Outcome
- crop yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.15%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Straw Incorporation”
e0“Higher yields coupled with higher nutrient contents were achieved with H, M and L compared with CK, where these treatments increased the crop yields by 26.75%, 21.51%, and 7.15%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
H produced higher nutrient contents than CK.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Straw Incorporation”
e0“Higher yields coupled with higher nutrient contents were achieved with H, M and L compared with CK”
Claim · model-written summary
M produced higher nutrient contents than CK.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Straw Incorporation”
e0“Higher yields coupled with higher nutrient contents were achieved with H, M and L compared with CK”
Claim · model-written summary
L produced higher nutrient contents than CK.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Straw Incorporation”
e0“Higher yields coupled with higher nutrient contents were achieved with H, M and L compared with CK”
The same questions in other papers
organic · soil: chemistry · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
52 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- no effect
53 papers more in this group
See all 57 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.