Abstract
Salinity is one of the major constraints for rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation globally, as rice is highly sensitive to salinity than other cereal crops. In order to elucidate the improvement mechanism of salinity tolerance by chitosan (CS), we analyzed the morphological, biochemical and antioxidant enzymatic activities of salt-stressed rice at germination and seedling stages of four cultivars: BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 as salt-sensitive and Pokkali and Pengek as salt-tolerant. Salinity inhibited seed germination as well as growth of rice seedlings. At the germination stage, CS increased the germination percentage by enhancing amylase activity and significantly accelerated shoot growth but not root growth under salt stress condition. In the seedling stage, 50 ppm of CS mitigated the growth inhibition of seedling of the sensitive cultivars and the reduction of chlorophyll (both chl a and chl b) contents. Moreover, CS increased the activities of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) but not the activities of peroxidase (POX). However, the accumulation of proline and phenols in the seedlings was increased under saline condition but not under saline condition supplemented with CS. Principal component analysis revealed that a relatively stronger association between 50 ppm CS treatment with the non-stress condition than that of 25 ppm CS treatment both in sensitive and tolerant cultivars which suggested that 50 ppm CS treatment was more effective. Our results suggest that exogenous CS can be used to mitigate salt-induced adverse effects in rice as well as in other crop plants. [Fundam Appl Agric 2021; 6(4.000): 336-348]
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity inhibited rice germination and seedling growth.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- seed germination as well as growth of rice seedlingse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity inhibited seed germination as well as growth of rice seedlings.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan increased germination percentage under salt stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CSe0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under salt stress conditione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CS increased the germination percentage by enhancing amylase activity”
e1“under salt stress condition”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan enhanced amylase activity at germination.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CSe0
- Outcome
- amylase activitye0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CS increased the germination percentage by enhancing amylase activity”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan significantly accelerated shoot growth under salt stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CSe1
- Outcome
- shoot growthe0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly accelerated shoot growth but not root growth under salt stress condition”
e1“CS increased the germination percentage”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan did not accelerate root growth under salt stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CSe1
- Outcome
- root growthe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not root growth under salt stress condition”
e1“CS increased the germination percentage”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
At seedling stage, 50 ppm chitosan mitigated growth inhibition of sensitive cultivars.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- sensitive cultivarse0
- Treatment
- 50 ppm of CSe0
- Outcome
- growth inhibition of seedlinge0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“50 ppm of CS mitigated the growth inhibition of seedling of the sensitive cultivars”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
At seedling stage, 50 ppm chitosan mitigated chlorophyll a and b reduction.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 50 ppm of CSe0
- Outcome
- reduction of chlorophyll (both chl a and chl b) contentse0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“50 ppm of CS mitigated the growth inhibition of seedling of the sensitive cultivars and the reduction of chlorophyll (both chl a and chl b) contents”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan increased catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CSe0
- Outcome
- activities of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CS increased the activities of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan did not increase peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CSe1
- Outcome
- activities of peroxidase (POX)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not the activities of peroxidase (POX)”
e1“CS increased the activities of catalase”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased seedling proline and phenol accumulation.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- saline conditione0
- Outcome
- accumulation of proline and phenols in the seedlingse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“accumulation of proline and phenols in the seedlings was increased under saline condition”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan supplementation prevented the saline increase in proline and phenols.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- saline condition supplemented with CSe0
- Outcome
- accumulation of proline and phenols in the seedlingse1
- Comparator
- saline conditione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not under saline condition supplemented with CS”
e1“accumulation of proline and phenols in the seedlings was increased under saline condition”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50 ppm chitosan treatment was more strongly associated with nonstress conditions than 25 ppm in both sensitive and tolerant cultivars.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 50 ppm CS treatmente0
- Outcome
- associatione0
- Direction
- strongere0
- Comparator
- 25 ppm CS treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a relatively stronger association between 50 ppm CS treatment with the non-stress condition than that of 25 ppm CS treatment both in sensitive and tolerant cultivars”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest exogenous chitosan for mitigating salt effects in rice and other crops.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- exogenous CSe0
- Outcome
- mitigate salt-induced adverse effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous CS can be used to mitigate salt-induced adverse effects in rice as well as in other crop plants”
The same questions in other papers
chitosan · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- no effect
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →chitosan · physiology: pigments · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →chitosan · physiology: osmolytes · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
chitosan · disease · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
9 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →chitosan · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
10 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →salinity · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
258 papers in the same direction as this paper · 37 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
292 papers more in this group
See all 296 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.