Abstract
Reduced pathogen resistance and management of the left-over rice stubble are among the most important challenges faced in rice cultivation. A novel and eco-friendly strategy to synthesise 'Fungal Chitosan' (FC) from Aspergillus niger using rice straw could serve as a sustainable treatment approach to improve both disease resistance and yields, while also effectively managing the rice stubble waste. The FC treatment promoted germination as well as growth parameters in rice varieties, TN1 (high yielding-susceptible) and PTB33 (low yielding-resistant) better than a commercial chitosan (PC). Treatments of exogenously applied FC to plants produced direct toxicity to Xoo, and reduced the BLB disease index by 39.9% in TN1. The capability of FC to trigger a cascade of defense pathways was evident from the measurable changes in the kinetics of defense enzymes, peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). FC treatment increased levels of POD in TN1 by 59.4%, which was 35.3% greater than that of untreated PTB33. Therefore, the study demonstrated the effectiveness of FC treatments for use in agriculture as a potential biostimulant as well as protective agent against bacterial leaf blight, BLB, of rice (Oryza sativa) that could be produced from stubble waste and improve rice stubble management strategies.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal chitosan promoted germination more than commercial chitosan in TN1 rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- TN1e0
- Treatment
- FC treatmente0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- better thane0
- Comparator
- commercial chitosan (PC)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The FC treatment promoted germination as well as growth parameters in rice varieties, TN1 (high yielding-susceptible) and PTB33 (low yielding-resistant) better than a commercial chitosan (PC)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal chitosan promoted growth parameters more than commercial chitosan in TN1 rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- TN1e0
- Treatment
- FC treatmente0
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- better thane0
- Comparator
- commercial chitosan (PC)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The FC treatment promoted germination as well as growth parameters in rice varieties, TN1 (high yielding-susceptible) and PTB33 (low yielding-resistant) better than a commercial chitosan (PC)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal chitosan promoted germination more than commercial chitosan in PTB33 rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- PTB33e0
- Treatment
- FC treatmente0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- better thane0
- Comparator
- commercial chitosan (PC)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The FC treatment promoted germination as well as growth parameters in rice varieties, TN1 (high yielding-susceptible) and PTB33 (low yielding-resistant) better than a commercial chitosan (PC)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal chitosan promoted growth parameters more than commercial chitosan in PTB33 rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- PTB33e0
- Treatment
- FC treatmente0
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- better thane0
- Comparator
- commercial chitosan (PC)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The FC treatment promoted germination as well as growth parameters in rice varieties, TN1 (high yielding-susceptible) and PTB33 (low yielding-resistant) better than a commercial chitosan (PC)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal chitosan applied to rice plants was directly toxic to Xoo.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- exogenously applied FCe0
- Interactor
- Xooe0pathogen
- Outcome
- toxicity to Xooe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments of exogenously applied FC to plants produced direct toxicity to Xoo”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal chitosan reduced TN1 bacterial leaf blight disease index by 39.9%.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Material
- TN1e0
- Treatment
- FCe0
- Outcome
- BLB disease indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 39.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments of exogenously applied FC to plants produced direct toxicity to Xoo, and reduced the BLB disease index by 39.9% in TN1”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.) after treatment with fungal based chitosan”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal chitosan increased POD levels in TN1 by 59.4%.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Material
- TN1e0
- Treatment
- FC treatmente0
- Gene
- PODe0
- Outcome
- levels of PODe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 59.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FC treatment increased levels of POD in TN1 by 59.4%”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
POD levels under FC treatment in TN1 were 35.3% greater than in untreated PTB33.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- FC treatmente0
- Outcome
- PODe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 35.3%e0
- Comparator
- untreated PTB33e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FC treatment increased levels of POD in TN1 by 59.4%, which was 35.3% greater than that of untreated PTB33”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.