Abstract
Manure or compost application based on N needs of corn ( Zea mays L.) may result in soil accumulation of P, other ions, and salt because the manure or compost N/P ratio is usually smaller than the corn N/P uptake ratio. This study was conducted from 1992 to 1996 to evaluate effects of P‐ and N‐based manure and compost application on corn yield, N and P uptake, soil P level, and weed biomass. Composted and noncomposted beef cattle ( Bos taurus ) feedlot manures were applied to supply N or P needs of corn for either a 1‐ or 2‐yr period. Phosphorus‐based manure or compost treatments also received additional fertilizer N as needed. Fertilized and unfertilized checks were also included. Manure or compost application increased corn grain yield in all 4 yr as compared with the unfertilized check. Annual or biennial manure or compost application resulted in corn grain yields similar to those of the fertilizer treatment. Phosphorus‐based manure or compost application resulted in similar grain yields to those for N‐based treatments but had significantly less soil available P level after 4 yr of application. Biennial manure or compost application resulted in corn yield similar to that for annual application but increased available P in the soil. Estimated N availability was 40% for manure and 15% for compost in the first year and was 18% for manure and 8% for compost in the second year after application. Weed biomass was more influenced by nutrient availability than any weed seed introduced by manure or compost application. When application rate is based on correct N or P availability, manure and compost can produce corn grain yields that are equal to or greater than that for fertilizer application. Annual P‐based manure or compost application is the most effective method of using these resources when soil P buildup is a concern.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Manure or compost application increased corn grain yield in all 4 years compared with the unfertilized check.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst1 - Treatment
- Manure or compost applicatione1
- Outcome
- corn grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- in all 4 yre1
- Comparator
- unfertilized checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Corn Production”
e1“Manure or compost application increased corn grain yield in all 4 yr as compared with the unfertilized check”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual or biennial manure or compost application gave corn grain yields similar to the fertilizer treatment.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst1
- Treatment
- Annual or biennial manure or compost applicatione2
- Outcome
- corn grain yieldse2
- Direction
- similare2
- Comparator
- fertilizer treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Corn Production”
e2“Annual or biennial manure or compost application resulted in corn grain yields similar to those of the fertilizer treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus-based manure or compost application gave corn grain yields similar to N-based treatments.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst1
- Treatment
- Phosphorus‐based manure or compost applicatione3
- Outcome
- grain yieldse3
- Direction
- similare3
- Comparator
- N‐based treatmentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Corn Production”
e3“Phosphorus‐based manure or compost application resulted in similar grain yields to those for N‐based treatments but had significantly less soil available P level after 4 yr of application”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus-based manure or compost application significantly reduced soil available P compared with N-based treatments after 4 years.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst1
- Treatment
- Phosphorus‐based manure or compost applicatione3
- Outcome
- soil available P levele3
- Direction
- lesse3
- Qualifier
- after 4 yr of applicatione3
- Comparator
- N‐based treatmentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Corn Production”
e3“Phosphorus‐based manure or compost application resulted in similar grain yields to those for N‐based treatments but had significantly less soil available P level after 4 yr of application”
Claim · model-written summary
Biennial manure or compost application gave corn yield similar to annual application.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst1
- Treatment
- Biennial manure or compost applicatione4
- Outcome
- corn yielde4
- Direction
- similare4
- Comparator
- annual applicatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Corn Production”
e4“Biennial manure or compost application resulted in corn yield similar to that for annual application but increased available P in the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Biennial manure or compost application increased available P in the soil.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst1
- Treatment
- Biennial manure or compost applicatione4
- Outcome
- available P in the soile4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Corn Production”
e4“Biennial manure or compost application resulted in corn yield similar to that for annual application but increased available P in the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated N availability of manure was 40% in the first year after application.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst1
- Treatment
- manuree5
- Outcome
- Estimated N availabilitye5
- Value
- 40%e5
- Qualifier
- in the first yeare5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Corn Production”
e5“Estimated N availability was 40% for manure and 15% for compost in the first year and was 18% for manure and 8% for compost in the second year after application”
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated N availability of compost was 15% in the first year after application.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst1
- Treatment
- composte5
- Outcome
- Estimated N availabilitye5
- Value
- 15%e5
- Qualifier
- in the first yeare5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Corn Production”
e5“Estimated N availability was 40% for manure and 15% for compost in the first year and was 18% for manure and 8% for compost in the second year after application”
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated N availability of manure was 18% in the second year after application.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst1
- Treatment
- manuree5
- Outcome
- Estimated N availabilitye5
- Value
- 18%e5
- Qualifier
- in the second yeare5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Corn Production”
e5“Estimated N availability was 40% for manure and 15% for compost in the first year and was 18% for manure and 8% for compost in the second year after application”
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated N availability of compost was 8% in the second year after application.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst1
- Treatment
- composte5
- Outcome
- Estimated N availabilitye5
- Value
- 8%e5
- Qualifier
- in the second yeare5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Corn Production”
e5“Estimated N availability was 40% for manure and 15% for compost in the first year and was 18% for manure and 8% for compost in the second year after application”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed biomass was more influenced by nutrient availability than by weed seed introduced with manure or compost.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst1
- Treatment
- nutrient availabilitye6
- Interactor
- weede6weed
- Outcome
- Weed biomasse6
- Direction
- more influencede6
- Comparator
- any weed seed introduced by manure or compost applicatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Corn Production”
e6“Weed biomass was more influenced by nutrient availability than any weed seed introduced by manure or compost application”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure and compost applied at rates based on correct N or P availability can give corn grain yields equal to or greater than fertilizer.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst1
- Treatment
- correct N or P availabilitye7
- Outcome
- corn grain yieldse7
- Direction
- equal to or greatere7
- Comparator
- fertilizer applicatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Corn Production”
e7“When application rate is based on correct N or P availability, manure and compost can produce corn grain yields that are equal to or greater than that for fertilizer application”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual P-based manure or compost application is the most effective method when soil P buildup is a concern.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst1
- Outcome
- Annual P‐based manure or compost applicatione7
- Qualifier
- when soil P buildup is a concerne7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Corn Production”
e7“Annual P‐based manure or compost application is the most effective method of using these resources when soil P buildup is a concern”
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