Abstract
Abstract Glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth is a troublesome weed that can emerge throughout the soybean growing season in Nebraska and several other regions of the United States. Late-emerging Palmer amaranth plants can produce seeds, thus replenishing the soil seedbank. The objectives of this study were to evaluate single or sequential applications of labeled POST herbicides such as acifluorfen, dicamba, a fomesafen and fluthiacet-methyl premix, glyphosate, and lactofen on GR Palmer amaranth control, density, biomass, seed production, and seed viability, as well as grain yield of dicamba- and glyphosate-resistant (DGR) soybean. Field experiments were conducted in a grower’s field infested with GR Palmer amaranth near Carleton, NE, in 2018 and 2019, with no PRE herbicide applied. Acifluorfen, dicamba, a premix of fomesafen and fluthiacet-methyl, glyphosate, or lactofen were applied POST in single or sequential applications between the V4 and R6 soybean growth stages, with timings based on product labels. Dicamba applied at V4 or in sequential applications at V4 followed by R1 or R3 controlled GR Palmer amaranth 91% to 100% at soybean harvest, reduced Palmer amaranth density to as low as 2 or fewer plants m −2 , reduced seed production to 557 to 2,911 seeds per female plant, and resulted in the highest soybean yield during both years of the study. Sequential applications of acifluorfen, fomesafen and fluthiacet premix, or lactofen were not as effective as dicamba for GR Palmer amaranth control; however, they reduced seed production similar to dicamba. On the basis of the results of this study, we conclude that dicamba was effective for controlling GR Palmer amaranth and reduced density, biomass, and seed production without DGR soybean injury. Herbicides evaluated in this study had no effect on Palmer amaranth seed viability.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba at V4 or sequentially at V4 and R1 or R3 controlled Palmer amaranth 91% to 100% at soybean harvest.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Dicamba applied at V4 or in sequential applications at V4 followed by R1 or R3e0
- Interactor
- GR Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- GR Palmer amaranthe0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 91% to 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba applied at V4 or in sequential applications at V4 followed by R1 or R3 controlled GR Palmer amaranth 91% to 100% at soybean harvest”
t0“soybean”
t1“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
These dicamba schedules reduced Palmer amaranth density to two or fewer plants per square metre.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Dicambae1
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 2 or fewer plants m −2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced Palmer amaranth density to as low as 2 or fewer plants m −2”
t0“soybean”
t1“soybean”
e1“Dicamba applied at V4 or in sequential applications at V4 followed by R1 or R3 controlled GR Palmer amaranth 91% to 100% at soybean harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
These dicamba schedules reduced Palmer amaranth seed production to 557 to 2,911 seeds per female plant.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Dicambae1
- Outcome
- seed productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 557 to 2,911 seeds per female plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced seed production to 557 to 2,911 seeds per female plant”
t0“soybean”
t1“soybean”
e1“Dicamba applied at V4 or in sequential applications at V4 followed by R1 or R3 controlled GR Palmer amaranth 91% to 100% at soybean harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
These dicamba schedules produced the highest soybean yield in both years.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Dicambae1
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- both years of the studye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulted in the highest soybean yield during both years of the study”
t0“soybean”
t1“soybean”
e1“Dicamba applied at V4 or in sequential applications at V4 followed by R1 or R3 controlled GR Palmer amaranth 91% to 100% at soybean harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential acifluorfen applications controlled Palmer amaranth less effectively than dicamba.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- acifluorfene0
- Interactor
- GR Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- GR Palmer amaranth controle0
- Direction
- not as effectivee0
- Comparator
- dicambae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sequential applications of acifluorfen, fomesafen and fluthiacet premix, or lactofen were not as effective as dicamba for GR Palmer amaranth control”
t0“soybean”
t1“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential fomesafen and fluthiacet premix applications controlled Palmer amaranth less effectively than dicamba.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- fomesafen and fluthiacet premixe0
- Interactor
- GR Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- GR Palmer amaranth controle0
- Direction
- not as effectivee0
- Comparator
- dicambae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sequential applications of acifluorfen, fomesafen and fluthiacet premix, or lactofen were not as effective as dicamba for GR Palmer amaranth control”
t0“soybean”
t1“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential lactofen applications controlled Palmer amaranth less effectively than dicamba.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- lactofene0
- Interactor
- GR Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- GR Palmer amaranth controle0
- Direction
- not as effectivee0
- Comparator
- dicambae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sequential applications of acifluorfen, fomesafen and fluthiacet premix, or lactofen were not as effective as dicamba for GR Palmer amaranth control”
t0“soybean”
t1“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The sequential alternatives reduced Palmer amaranth seed production similarly to dicamba.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Sequential applicationse1
- Outcome
- seed productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- dicambae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they reduced seed production similar to dicamba”
t0“soybean”
t1“soybean”
e1“Dicamba applied at V4 or in sequential applications at V4 followed by R1 or R3 controlled GR Palmer amaranth 91% to 100% at soybean harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba reduced Palmer amaranth biomass.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- dicambae0
- Interactor
- GR Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dicamba was effective for controlling GR Palmer amaranth and reduced density, biomass, and seed production without DGR soybean injury”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba caused no DGR soybean injury.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- dicambae0
- Outcome
- DGR soybean injurye0
- Direction
- withoute0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dicamba was effective for controlling GR Palmer amaranth and reduced density, biomass, and seed production without DGR soybean injury”
Claim · model-written summary
The tested herbicides did not affect Palmer amaranth seed viability.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Herbicides evaluated in this studye0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth seed viabilitye0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicides evaluated in this study had no effect on Palmer amaranth seed viability.”
t0“soybean”
t1“soybean”
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