Abstract
Availability of soybean with dicamba resistance will provide an alternative weed management option, but risk of dicamba injury to sensitive crops from off-target movement and spray tank contamination is of concern. Research conducted at multiple locations and years evaluated soybean injury and yield response to POST applications of the diglycolamine salt of dicamba. Dicamba was applied at the two to three trifoliate stage (V3/V4) at 4.4, 8.8, 17.5, 35, 70, 140, and 280 g ae ha −1 (1/128 to 1/2 of the recommended use rate of 560 g ae ha −1 ). Soybean injury 7 d after application was 20% following dicamba at 4.4 g ha −1 and increased to 89% at 280 g ha −1 . At 14 d after application, injury for the same rates increased from 39 to 97%. In a separate study, dicamba was applied at first flower (R1) at 1.1, 2.2, 4.4, 8.8, 17.5, 35, and 70 g ha −1 (1/512 to 1/8 of use rate). Soybean injury 7 d following dicamba application was 19% at 1.1 g ha −1 and increased to 64% at 70 g ha −1 . For the same rates of dicamba, injury from 7 to 14 d after application increased no more than 4 percentage points. For dicamba rates in common for the timing studies, soybean injury 14 d after treatment was greatest for application at V3/V4, but the negative effect on mature soybean height and yield was greatest for application at R1. For dicamba at 4.4 g ha −1 (1/128th of use rate), soybean yield was reduced 4% when applied at V3/V4 and 10% when applied at R1. For 17.5 g ha −1 dicamba (1/32 of use rate), yield was reduced 15% at V3/V4 and 36% at R1. Based on yield reductions for 4.4 and 17.5 g ha −1 dicamba, soybean at flowering was around 2.5 times more sensitive compared with vegetative exposure.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
At V3/V4, injury at 7 days rose from 20% at 4.4 g ha −1 to 89% at 280 g ha −1.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- 7 d after applicatione0
- Treatment
- dicamba at 4.4 g ha −1e0
- Outcome
- Soybean injurye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean injury 7 d after application was 20% following dicamba at 4.4 g ha −1 and increased to 89% at 280 g ha −1 .”
Claim · model-written summary
At V3/V4, injury reached 89% at 280 g ha −1 after 7 days.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- dicambae0
- Outcome
- Soybean injurye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 89%e0
- Qualifier
- 280 g ha −1e0
- Comparator
- 4.4 g ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean injury 7 d after application was 20% following dicamba at 4.4 g ha −1 and increased to 89% at 280 g ha −1 .”
Claim · model-written summary
By day 14, injury at the same rates increased from 39 to 97%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 39 to 97%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 14 d after application, injury for the same rates increased from 39 to 97%.”
t0“Soybean Response to Dicamba Applied at Vegetative and Reproductive Growth Stages”
Claim · model-written summary
At flowering, injury after 7 days was 19% at 1.1 g ha −1.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- dicamba applicatione0
- Outcome
- Soybean injurye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 19%e0
- Qualifier
- 1.1 g ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean injury 7 d following dicamba application was 19% at 1.1 g ha −1 and increased to 64% at 70 g ha −1 .”
Claim · model-written summary
At flowering, injury after 7 days increased to 64% at 70 g ha −1.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- dicamba applicatione0
- Outcome
- Soybean injurye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 64%e0
- Qualifier
- 70 g ha −1e0
- Comparator
- 1.1 g ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean injury 7 d following dicamba application was 19% at 1.1 g ha −1 and increased to 64% at 70 g ha −1 .”
Claim · model-written summary
At flowering, injury increased by no more than four percentage points between days 7 and 14.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4 percentage pointse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For the same rates of dicamba, injury from 7 to 14 d after application increased no more than 4 percentage points.”
t0“Soybean Response to Dicamba Applied at Vegetative and Reproductive Growth Stages”
Claim · model-written summary
At shared rates, injury 14 days after treatment was greatest following V3/V4 application.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- application at V3/V4e0
- Outcome
- soybean injurye0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean injury 14 d after treatment was greatest for application at V3/V4”
Claim · model-written summary
The adverse effects on mature height and yield were greatest after R1 application.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- application at R1e0
- Outcome
- mature soybean height and yielde0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the negative effect on mature soybean height and yield was greatest for application at R1”
Claim · model-written summary
At 4.4 g ha −1, V3/V4 application reduced yield by 4%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- dicamba at 4.4 g ha −1e0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 4%e0
- Qualifier
- V3/V4e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For dicamba at 4.4 g ha −1 (1/128th of use rate), soybean yield was reduced 4% when applied at V3/V4 and 10% when applied at R1.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 4.4 g ha −1, R1 application reduced yield by 10%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- dicamba at 4.4 g ha −1e0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Qualifier
- R1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For dicamba at 4.4 g ha −1 (1/128th of use rate), soybean yield was reduced 4% when applied at V3/V4 and 10% when applied at R1.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 17.5 g ha −1, V3/V4 application reduced yield by 15%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 17.5 g ha −1 dicambae0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 15%e0
- Qualifier
- V3/V4e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For 17.5 g ha −1 dicamba (1/32 of use rate), yield was reduced 15% at V3/V4 and 36% at R1.”
t0“Soybean Response to Dicamba Applied at Vegetative and Reproductive Growth Stages”
Claim · model-written summary
At 17.5 g ha −1, R1 application reduced yield by 36%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 17.5 g ha −1 dicambae0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 36%e0
- Qualifier
- R1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For 17.5 g ha −1 dicamba (1/32 of use rate), yield was reduced 15% at V3/V4 and 36% at R1.”
t0“Soybean Response to Dicamba Applied at Vegetative and Reproductive Growth Stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Based on yield loss, flowering soybean was about 2.5 times more sensitive than vegetative soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- sensitivee0
- Direction
- more sensitivee0
- Value
- 2.5 timese0
- Comparator
- vegetative exposuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean at flowering was around 2.5 times more sensitive compared with vegetative exposure.”
The same questions in other papers
dicamba · crop injury · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
28 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 37 papers →dicamba · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
37 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
45 papers more in this group
See all 49 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.