Abstract
An experiment was conducted at six locations in North Carolina to compare weed-management treatments using glufosinate postemergence (POST) in glufosinate-resistant soybean, glyphosate POST in glyphosate-resistant soybean, and imazaquin plus SAN 582 preemergence (PRE) followed by chlorimuron POST in nontransgenic soybean. Prickly sida and sicklepod were controlled similarly and 84 to 100% by glufosinate and glyphosate. Glyphosate controlled broadleaf signalgrass, fall panicum, goosegrass, rhizomatous johnsongrass, common lambsquarters, and smooth pigweed at least 90%. Control of these weeds by glyphosate often was greater than control by glufosinate. Mixing fomesafen with glufosinate increased control of these species except johnsongrass. Glufosinate often was more effective than glyphosate on entireleaf and tall morningglories. Fomesafen mixed with glyphosate increased morningglory control but reduced smooth pigweed control. Glufosinate or glyphosate applied sequentially or early postemergence (EPOST) following imazaquin plus SAN 582 PRE often were more effective than glufosinate or glyphosate applied only EPOST. Only rhizomatous johnsongrass was controlled more effectively by glufosinate or glyphosate treatments than by imazaquin plus SAN 582 PRE followed by chlorimuron POST. Yields and net returns with soil-applied herbicides only were often lower than total POST herbicide treatments. Sequential POST herbicide applications or soil-applied herbicides followed by POST herbicides were usually more effective economically than single POST herbicide applications.Nomenclature: Chlorimuron, ethyl 2-[[[[(4-chloro-6-methoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl] amino]sulfonyl]benzoate; SAN 582 (proposed name, dimethenamid), 2-chloro-N-[(1-methyl-2-methoxy)ethyl]-N-(2,4-dimethyl-thien-3-yl)-acetamide; fomesafen, 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide; glufosinate, 2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl) butanoic acid; glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine; imazaquin, 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid; broadleaf signalgrass, Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash #2 BRAPP; carpetweed, Mollugo verticillata L. # MOLVE; common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. # CHEAL; common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. # AMBEL; cutleaf groundcherry, Physalis angulata L. # PHYAN; eclipta, Eclipta prostrata L. # ECLAL; entireleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula Gray # IPOHG; fall panicum, Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. # PANDI; goosegrass, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. # ELEIN; johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. # SORHA; prickly sida, Sida spinosa L. # SIDSP; sicklepod, Senna obtusifolia L. Irwin and Barneby # CASOB; smooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. # AMACH; tall morningglory, Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth # PHBPU; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Asgrow 5403 LL’, ‘Asgrow 5547 LL’, ‘Asgrow 5602 RR’, ‘Hartz 5566 RR’, ‘Southern States FFR 595’.Additional index words: Herbicide-resistant crops, Liberty Link soybean, nontransgenic soybean, Roundup Ready soybean.Abbreviations: DAT, days after treatment; EPOST, early postemergence; EPSPS, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; LPOST, late postemergence; POST, postemergence; PRE, preemergence; THR, transgenic, herbicide-resistant; WAA, weeks after late postemergence application; WAP, weeks after planting.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate and glyphosate similarly controlled prickly sida by 84 to 100%.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- glufosinate and glyphosatee0
- Interactor
- Prickly sidae0weed
- Outcome
- controllede0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 84 to 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prickly sida and sicklepod were controlled similarly and 84 to 100% by glufosinate and glyphosate.”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate- and Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max)1”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate and glyphosate similarly controlled sicklepod by 84 to 100%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- glufosinate and glyphosatee0
- Interactor
- sicklepode0weed
- Outcome
- controllede0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 84 to 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prickly sida and sicklepod were controlled similarly and 84 to 100% by glufosinate and glyphosate.”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate- and Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max)1”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate controlled broadleaf signalgrass, fall panicum and goosegrass at least 90%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Glyphosatee0
- Interactor
- broadleaf signalgrass
Urochloa platyphyllae0weed - Outcome
- controllede0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- at least 90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate controlled broadleaf signalgrass, fall panicum, goosegrass, rhizomatous johnsongrass, common lambsquarters, and smooth pigweed at least 90%.”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate- and Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max)1”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate controlled rhizomatous johnsongrass, common lambsquarters and smooth pigweed at least 90%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Glyphosatee0
- Interactor
- rhizomatous johnsongrasse0weed
- Outcome
- controllede0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- at least 90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate controlled broadleaf signalgrass, fall panicum, goosegrass, rhizomatous johnsongrass, common lambsquarters, and smooth pigweed at least 90%.”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate- and Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max)1”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate often controlled these weeds more than glufosinate.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- Control of these weedse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- glufosinatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control of these weeds by glyphosate often was greater than control by glufosinate.”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate- and Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max)1”
Claim · model-written summary
Fomesafen mixed with glufosinate increased control of these species except johnsongrass.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Mixing fomesafen with glufosinatee0
- Outcome
- control of these speciese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixing fomesafen with glufosinate increased control of these species except johnsongrass.”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate- and Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max)1”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate often controlled entireleaf morningglory more effectively than glyphosate.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Glufosinatee0
- Interactor
- entireleafe0weed
- Outcome
- more effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glufosinate often was more effective than glyphosate on entireleaf and tall morningglories.”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate- and Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max)1”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate often controlled tall morningglory more effectively than glyphosate.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Glufosinatee0
- Interactor
- tall morninggloriese0weed
- Outcome
- more effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glufosinate often was more effective than glyphosate on entireleaf and tall morningglories.”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate- and Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max)1”
Claim · model-written summary
Fomesafen with glyphosate increased morningglory control.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Fomesafen mixed with glyphosatee0
- Interactor
- morningglorye0weed
- Outcome
- morningglory controle0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fomesafen mixed with glyphosate increased morningglory control but reduced smooth pigweed control.”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate- and Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max)1”
Claim · model-written summary
Fomesafen with glyphosate reduced smooth pigweed control.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Fomesafen mixed with glyphosatee0
- Interactor
- smooth pigweed
Amaranthus hybriduse0weed - Outcome
- smooth pigweed controle0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fomesafen mixed with glyphosate increased morningglory control but reduced smooth pigweed control.”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate- and Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max)1”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential or PRE-followed applications often controlled weeds more effectively than EPOST alone.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Glufosinate or glyphosate applied sequentially or early postemergence (EPOST) following imazaquin plus SAN 582 PREe0
- Outcome
- more effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- glufosinate or glyphosate applied only EPOSTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glufosinate or glyphosate applied sequentially or early postemergence (EPOST) following imazaquin plus SAN 582 PRE often were more effective than glufosinate or glyphosate applied only EPOST.”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate- and Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max)1”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizomatous johnsongrass was controlled more effectively by glufosinate or glyphosate than the imazaquin, SAN 582 and chlorimuron program.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- glufosinate or glyphosate treatmentse0
- Interactor
- rhizomatous johnsongrasse0weed
- Outcome
- rhizomatous johnsongrass was controllede0
- Direction
- more effectivelye0
- Comparator
- imazaquin plus SAN 582 PRE followed by chlorimuron POSTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only rhizomatous johnsongrass was controlled more effectively by glufosinate or glyphosate treatments than by imazaquin plus SAN 582 PRE followed by chlorimuron POST.”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate- and Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max)1”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-applied herbicides alone often gave lower soybean yields than total POST treatments.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- soil-applied herbicides onlye0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- total POST herbicide treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields and net returns with soil-applied herbicides only were often lower than total POST herbicide treatments.”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate- and Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max)1”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-applied herbicides alone often gave lower net returns than total POST treatments.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- soil-applied herbicides onlye0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- total POST herbicide treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields and net returns with soil-applied herbicides only were often lower than total POST herbicide treatments.”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate- and Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max)1”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential POST or soil-applied followed by POST herbicides were usually more economical than single POST applications.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Sequential POST herbicide applications or soil-applied herbicides followed by POST herbicidese0
- Outcome
- more effective economicallye0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- single POST herbicide applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sequential POST herbicide applications or soil-applied herbicides followed by POST herbicides were usually more effective economically than single POST herbicide applications.”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate- and Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max)1”
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