Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is subjected to attack by certain soil-borne phylogenetic of fungus-like eukaryotic microorganisms such as Pythium debaryanum and soil-borne fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani which cause damping-off diseases. Isolation of associated fungi and P. debaryanum and three species of Trichoderma was carried out from soil rhizosphere of pea plants. Antagonistic effect of Rhizobium leguminosarum combined with Trichoderma lignorum, T. longibrachiatum and T. koningii against pathogenic fungi was investigated in vitro and in vivo under greenhouse conditions. The effect of combinations between the tested Rhizobium sp. and the other tested Trichoderma spp. on the disease incidence caused by the pathogenic microorganisms was evaluated when used as seed and soil treatments. Disease assessments, nitrogen fixation and yield parameters after 50 and 90 days from sowing in comparison with un-treated and fungicide treatments were recorded. Mycoparasitic activity of the tested Trichoderma spp. against each of the pathogenic fungi and Pythium debaryanum was studied using scanning electron microscope. Results showed that the soil treatments were more effective in controlling damping-off disease than seed treatments in overall experiments. Combination of R. leguminosarum with T. longibrachiatum gave the best results in reducing percentage of post-emergence damping-off (13.33 and 6.67%) and root rot (14.72 and 9.58%) caused by P. debaryanum and R. solani, respectively. Survived plants, nitrogen fixation and yield parameters were also increased. Treatment of R. leguminosarum combined with T. koningii against infection by F. solani gave the best results in reducing percentages of post-emergence damping-off (6.67%) and root rot (13.06%) with increment of survived plants, nitrogen fixation and yield parameters. In conclusion, combinations of R. leguminosarum with the Trichoderma species were effective than application of each one alone against pea damping-off disease.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Soil treatments controlled pea damping off more effectively than seed treatments.
- Taxon
- Pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse1 - Treatment
- soil treatmentse0
- Outcome
- damping-off diseasee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- seed treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil treatments were more effective in controlling damping-off disease than seed treatments in overall experiments”
e1“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium with T. longibrachiatum gave the best post emergence damping off reduction against P. debaryanum and R. solani, at 13.33 and 6.67%, respectively.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- Combination of R. leguminosarum with T. longibrachiatume0
- Interactor
- P. debaryanum and R. solani
Globisporangium debaryanum
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- post-emergence damping-offe0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 13.33 and 6.67%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combination of R. leguminosarum with T. longibrachiatum gave the best results in reducing percentage of post-emergence damping-off (13.33 and 6.67%) and root rot (14.72 and 9.58%) caused by P. debaryanum and R. solani, respectively”
e1“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium with T. longibrachiatum reduced root rot against P. debaryanum and R. solani to 14.72 and 9.58%, respectively.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- Combination of R. leguminosarum with T. longibrachiatume0
- Interactor
- P. debaryanum and R. solaniGlobisporangium debaryanumRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- root rote0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 14.72 and 9.58%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combination of R. leguminosarum with T. longibrachiatum gave the best results in reducing percentage of post-emergence damping-off (13.33 and 6.67%) and root rot (14.72 and 9.58%) caused by P. debaryanum and R. solani, respectively”
e1“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The Rhizobium and T. longibrachiatum combination increased plant survival, nitrogen fixation and yield parameters.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceuse2
- Treatment
- Combination of R. leguminosarum with T. longibrachiatume1
- Outcome
- Survived plants, nitrogen fixation and yield parameterse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Survived plants, nitrogen fixation and yield parameters were also increased”
e1“Combination of R. leguminosarum with T. longibrachiatum”
e2“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium with T. koningii gave the best damping off reduction against F. solani, at 6.67%.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- R. leguminosarum combined with T. koningiie0
- Interactor
- F. solani
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- post-emergence damping-offe0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 6.67%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of R. leguminosarum combined with T. koningii against infection by F. solani gave the best results in reducing percentages of post-emergence damping-off (6.67%) and root rot (13.06%)”
e1“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium with T. koningii gave the best root rot reduction against F. solani, at 13.06%.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- R. leguminosarum combined with T. koningiie0
- Interactor
- F. solaniFusarium solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- root rote0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 13.06%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of R. leguminosarum combined with T. koningii against infection by F. solani gave the best results in reducing percentages of post-emergence damping-off (6.67%) and root rot (13.06%)”
e1“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium with T. koningii increased pea survival, nitrogen fixation and yield parameters under F. solani infection.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceuse2
- Treatment
- R. leguminosarum combined with T. koningiie1
- Interactor
- F. solaniFusarium solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- survived plants, nitrogen fixation and yield parameterse0
- Direction
- incremente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with increment of survived plants, nitrogen fixation and yield parameters”
e1“Treatment of R. leguminosarum combined with T. koningii against infection by F. solani”
e2“Pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium and Trichoderma combinations were more effective against pea damping off than individual applications.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- combinations of R. leguminosarum with the Trichoderma speciese0
- Outcome
- pea damping-off diseasee0
- Direction
- effectivee0
- Comparator
- application of each one alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combinations of R. leguminosarum with the Trichoderma species were effective than application of each one alone against pea damping-off disease”
The same questions in other papers
Rhizobium leguminosarum · disease · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
Rhizobium leguminosarum · symbiosis · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Rhizobium leguminosarum · Rhizoctonia solani · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Trichoderma · disease · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.