Abstract
Abstract Field experiments were conducted in 2004 and 2005 to determine the effects of seed treatment with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae on damping‐off, seedling height, root nodule mass, root biomass, shoot biomass and seed yield of pea and lentil in a field naturally infested with Pythium spp. Compared with the untreated controls, treatment of pea seeds with R. leguminosarum bv. viceae strains R12, R20 or R21 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced incidence of damping‐off, promoted seedling growth and increased root nodule mass, root biomass and shoot biomass. Seed treatments with R12 or R21 also resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) increase in seed yield of pea. The strain R21 was most effective among the four strains of R. leguminosarum bv. viceae tested in peas. Although, the level of disease control by strain R21 was similar to seed treatment with the fungicide Thiram TM , R21 was more effective in enhancing root nodule production and promoting plant growth. For lentil, treatment of seeds with R. leguminosarum bv. viceae strains R12 or R21 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced incidence of damping‐off compared with the untreated control. All of the four strains of R. leguminosarum bv. viceae tested increased lentil seedling height, root nodule mass and shoot biomass, and all except R20 increased root biomass. Seed yield was higher for the treatments of R12 and R21. The strain R12 was most effective among the four strains of R. leguminosarum bv. viceae tested in lentil. Although, strain R12 was as effective as Thiram TM for control of damping‐off of lentil, it was more effective than Thiram TM for the production of root nodules and promotion of plant growth. The study concludes that seed treatment with R. leguminosarum bv. viceae is effective in control of Pythium damping‐off of pea and lentil and that the efficacy of control is strain specific, strain R21 for control of the disease on pea and strain R12 for control of the disease on lentil.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with R. leguminosarum strains R12, R20 or R21 significantly reduced damping-off incidence in pea compared with untreated controls in a naturally infested field.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Treatment
- treatment of pea seeds with R. leguminosarum bv. viceae strains R12, R20 or R21e0
- Second interactor
- R. leguminosarum bv. viceae
Rhizobium leguminosarume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- untreated controlse0
- Setting
- Field experimentse7
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PythiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
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Verbatim
e0“Compared with the untreated controls, treatment of pea seeds with R. leguminosarum bv. viceae strains R12, R20 or R21 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced incidence”
e6“field naturally infested with Pythium spp”
e7“Field experiments were conducted in 2004 and 2005”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with R. leguminosarum strains promoted seedling growth of pea compared with untreated controls.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- treatment of pea seeds with R. leguminosarum bv. viceae strains R12, R20 or R21e0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe1
- Direction
- promotede1
- Comparator
- untreated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the untreated controls, treatment of pea seeds with R. leguminosarum bv. viceae strains R12, R20 or R21 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced incidence”
e1“promoted seedling growth and increased root nodule mass, root biomass and shoot biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with R. leguminosarum strains increased root nodule mass, root biomass and shoot biomass of pea compared with untreated controls.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- treatment of pea seeds with R. leguminosarum bv. viceae strains R12, R20 or R21e0
- Outcome
- root nodule mass, root biomass and shoot biomasse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- untreated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the untreated controls, treatment of pea seeds with R. leguminosarum bv. viceae strains R12, R20 or R21 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced incidence”
e1“promoted seedling growth and increased root nodule mass, root biomass and shoot biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with R12 or R21 significantly increased pea seed yield compared with untreated controls.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse2
- Treatment
- Seed treatments with R12 or R21e2
- Outcome
- seed yielde2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Comparator
- untreated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the untreated controls, treatment of pea seeds with R. leguminosarum bv. viceae strains R12, R20 or R21 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced incidence”
e2“Seed treatments with R12 or R21 also resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) increase in seed yield of pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain R21 was the most effective of the four R. leguminosarum strains tested on pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse3
- Treatment
- strain R21e3
- Outcome
- most effectivee3
- Direction
- most effectivee3
- Comparator
- the four strains of R. leguminosarum bv. viceae tested in pease3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The strain R21 was most effective among the four strains of R. leguminosarum bv. viceae tested in peas”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain R21 gave a level of pea damping-off control similar to the fungicide Thiram.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- strain R21e4
- Outcome
- level of disease controle4
- Direction
- similare4
- Comparator
- the fungicide Thirame4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the untreated controls, treatment of pea seeds with R. leguminosarum bv. viceae strains R12, R20 or R21 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced incidence”
e4“the level of disease control by strain R21 was similar to seed treatment with the fungicide Thiram”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain R21 was more effective than Thiram in enhancing pea root nodule production and promoting plant growth.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- R21e5
- Outcome
- enhancing root nodule productione5
- Direction
- more effectivee5
- Comparator
- the fungicide Thirame4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the untreated controls, treatment of pea seeds with R. leguminosarum bv. viceae strains R12, R20 or R21 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced incidence”
e4“the level of disease control by strain R21 was similar to seed treatment with the fungicide Thiram”
e5“R21 was more effective in enhancing root nodule production and promoting plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with R12 or R21 significantly reduced damping-off incidence in lentil compared with the untreated control.
- Taxon
- lentil
Lens culinarise0 - Treatment
- treatment of seeds with R. leguminosarum bv. viceae strains R12 or R21e0
- Second interactor
- R. leguminosarum bv. viceaeRhizobium leguminosarume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
- Setting
- Field experimentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For lentil, treatment of seeds with R. leguminosarum bv. viceae strains R12 or R21 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced incidence”
e1“compared with the untreated control”
e2“field naturally infested with Pythium spp”
e3“Field experiments were conducted in 2004 and 2005”
Claim · model-written summary
All four R. leguminosarum strains increased lentil seedling height, root nodule mass and shoot biomass.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- All of the four strains of R. leguminosarum bv. viceae testede0
- Outcome
- seedling height, root nodule mass and shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All of the four strains of R. leguminosarum bv. viceae tested increased lentil seedling height, root nodule mass and shoot biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Strains R12, R21, R20 and R21 except R20 increased lentil root biomass; R20 did not.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- all except R20e1
- Outcome
- root biomasse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All of the four strains of R. leguminosarum bv. viceae tested increased lentil seedling height, root nodule mass and shoot biomass”
e1“all except R20 increased root biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Lentil seed yield was higher with the R12 and R21 treatments.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- treatments of R12 and R21e1
- Outcome
- Seed yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All of the four strains of R. leguminosarum bv. viceae tested increased lentil seedling height, root nodule mass and shoot biomass”
e1“Seed yield was higher for the treatments of R12 and R21”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain R12 was the most effective of the four R. leguminosarum strains tested on lentil.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- strain R12e0
- Outcome
- most effectivee0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Comparator
- the four strains of R. leguminosarum bv. viceae tested in lentile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The strain R12 was most effective among the four strains of R. leguminosarum bv. viceae tested in lentil”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain R12 was as effective as Thiram in controlling lentil damping-off.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- strain R12e1
- Outcome
- as effectivee1
- Direction
- as effectivee1
- Comparator
- Thirame1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All of the four strains of R. leguminosarum bv. viceae tested increased lentil seedling height, root nodule mass and shoot biomass”
e1“strain R12 was as effective as Thiram”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain R12 was more effective than Thiram for lentil root nodule production and plant growth.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- strain R12e1
- Outcome
- production of root nodules and promotion of plant growthe2
- Direction
- more effectivee2
- Comparator
- Thirame2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All of the four strains of R. leguminosarum bv. viceae tested increased lentil seedling height, root nodule mass and shoot biomass”
e1“strain R12 was as effective as Thiram”
e2“it was more effective than Thiram TM for the production of root nodules and promotion of plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with R. leguminosarum is effective in controlling Pythium damping-off of pea and lentil.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- seed treatment with R. leguminosarum bv. viceaee0
- Outcome
- control of Pythiume0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed treatment with R. leguminosarum bv. viceae is effective in control of Pythium”
e1“the efficacy of control is strain specific, strain R21 for control of the disease on pea and strain R12 for control of the disease on lentil”
Claim · model-written summary
The efficacy of R. leguminosarum seed treatment against damping-off is strain specific.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- strain R21e0
- Outcome
- efficacy of controle0
- Qualifier
- strain specifice0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the efficacy of control is strain specific, strain R21 for control of the disease on pea and strain R12 for control of the disease on lentil”
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