Abstract
Two field experiments were carried out at Sakha Experimental Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate during the two growing seasons, of 2012 and 2013 The effects ofsewage sludge (SS), poultry manure (PM), processed town refuse (PTR), mixture of SS and PM,recommended rates of NPK, mineral fertilizers (RMF) without or with gypsum, or sulphur, on the certain Botanical characteristics and yield of pea plants were studied. In addition, the residual effects on the yield and its components of sunflower plants were investigated. Remedial andamendments were incorporated into the plowing soil (0-15 cm) before planting pea plants. The obtained data can be summarized as follows: 1-D.W and Seed index were markedly increased by increasing the biosolids application rate. The application of SS5 (without) agrochemicals, PM2 with gypsum and PM2 with sulphur produced the highest Dry weight. 2-Concentration of plastid pigments in the pea leaves were increased due to the application of (SS5) and sulphur . Addition of remedial with or without agrochemicals increased, N, P, K, Cu, Mn, Zn. Heavy metals, Cd, Pb and Ni contents of straw were also increased compared with the control but less than the toxic limits for these plants. 3-SS5, without; (SS+PM)3 and with gypsum and PM2 with sulphur increased seed yield if compared to control. The application of SS5 without agrochemicals, PM2 with gypsum and PM2 with sulphur produced the highest straw yield. The residual effects due to remedial and amendments treatments showed that:- 4-Plant height; D.W were increased due to pre-incorporated (SS+PM)3. Similarly, stem and head diameter recorded, highest values by PM2 gypsum and sulphur in a descending order. 5-Plastid pigments Macro, Micro and Heavy metals, were also increased. The highest values plastid pigments were obtained in sulphur-sewage sludge pre-treated soils at the high levels. At the same time N, P and K content of different sunflower plants organs were higher in SS5, (SS+PM)3 and PM2 respectively, in soil than those obtained in low rate of organic manure treatments. 6-The highest seed oil yield was obtained due to (PM2 and SS3) without application. It could be concluded that remedial and amendments, i.e, SS5, (without); PM2(with gypsum) and PM2 (with sulphur) have a significant influence on Botanical characteristics and yield of pea plants. Their residual effects extends to best botanical characteristics and yield of sunflower plantsunder the experimental condition.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing biosolids rate increased pea dry weight and seed index.
- Taxon
- pea plants
Lathyrus oleraceuse1 - Treatment
- increasing the biosolids application ratee0
- Outcome
- D.W and Seed indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“D.W and Seed index were markedly increased by increasing the biosolids application rate”
e1“yield of pea plants were studied”
Claim · model-written summary
SS5 without agrochemicals, PM2 with gypsum and PM2 with sulphur produced highest pea dry weight.
- Taxon
- pea plantsLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Outcome
- Dry weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of SS5 (without) agrochemicals, PM2 with gypsum and PM2 with sulphur produced the highest Dry weight”
e1“yield of pea plants were studied”
Claim · model-written summary
SS5 and sulphur increased pea leaf plastid pigments.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- (SS5) and sulphure0
- Outcome
- Concentration of plastid pigmentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentration of plastid pigments in the pea leaves were increased due to the application of (SS5) and sulphur”
Claim · model-written summary
Amendments increased pea N, P, K, Cu, Mn and Zn.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- remedial with or without agrochemicalse0
- Outcome
- N, P, K, Cu, Mn, Zne0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of remedial with or without agrochemicals increased, N, P, K, Cu, Mn, Zn”
e1“pea leaves were increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Pea straw Cd, Pb and Ni rose but remained below toxic limits.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Outcome
- Cd, Pb and Ni contents of strawe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- less than the toxic limitse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heavy metals, Cd, Pb and Ni contents of straw were also increased compared with the control but less than the toxic limits for these plants”
e1“pea leaves were increased”
Claim · model-written summary
SS5, SS+PM3 with gypsum, and PM2 with sulphur increased pea seed yield.
- Taxon
- pea plantsLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- SS5, without; (SS+PM)3 and with gypsum and PM2 with sulphure0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SS5, without; (SS+PM)3 and with gypsum and PM2 with sulphur increased seed yield if compared to control”
e1“pea plants were studied”
Claim · model-written summary
SS5, PM2 with gypsum and PM2 with sulphur produced highest pea straw yield.
- Taxon
- pea plantsLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SS5 without agrochemicals, PM2 with gypsum and PM2 with sulphur produced the highest straw yield”
e1“pea plants were studied”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual SS+PM3 increased sunflower height and dry weight.
- Taxon
- sunflower plants
Helianthus annuuse1 - Treatment
- pre-incorporated (SS+PM)3e0
- Outcome
- Plant height; D.We0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height; D.W were increased due to pre-incorporated (SS+PM)3”
e1“sunflower plants were investigated”
Claim · model-written summary
PM2 with gypsum and sulphur gave highest sunflower stem and head diameter.
- Taxon
- sunflower plantsHelianthus annuuse1
- Outcome
- stem and head diametere0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stem and head diameter recorded, highest values by PM2 gypsum and sulphur in a descending order”
e1“sunflower plants were investigated”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual amendments increased sunflower plastid pigments, macro and micro elements, and heavy metals.
- Taxon
- sunflower plantsHelianthus annuuse1
- Outcome
- Plastid pigments Macro, Micro and Heavy metalse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plastid pigments Macro, Micro and Heavy metals, were also increased”
e1“sunflower plants were investigated”
Claim · model-written summary
High level sulphur-sewage sludge pretreatment gave highest sunflower plastid pigments.
- Taxon
- sunflower plantsHelianthus annuuse1
- Outcome
- plastid pigmentse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest values plastid pigments were obtained in sulphur-sewage sludge pre-treated soils at the high levels”
e1“sunflower plants were investigated”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower N, P and K were higher under SS5, SS+PM3 and PM2 than low organic manure rates.
- Taxon
- sunflower plantsHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- SS5, (SS+PM)3 and PM2e0
- Outcome
- N, P and K contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- low rate of organic manure treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N, P and K content of different sunflower plants organs were higher in SS5, (SS+PM)3 and PM2 respectively, in soil than those obtained in low rate of organic manure treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
PM2 and SS3 produced highest sunflower seed oil yield.
- Taxon
- sunflower plantsHelianthus annuuse1
- Outcome
- seed oil yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest seed oil yield was obtained due to (PM2 and SS3) without application”
e1“sunflower plants were investigated”
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