Abstract
Abstract The overall objective of this research is to develop plant genotypes for better adaptation to acid soil stress factors, such as Al toxicity in subsoils, which cannot be economically corrected by conventional means. The specific objective of the work reported here was to determine the range of A1 tolerance available within the sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) species. Thirteen sunflower genotypes were grown for 23 days in greenhouse pots (1.82 kg) of fertilized, acid, Al‐toxic Bladen soil treated either with no lime or with 3,000 ppm CaCO 3 . With vegetative growth as an index, the genotypes differed widely in tolerance to the acid soil. For example, on the unlimed soil (pH 4.1) the top yield of ‘CM‐2,’ ‘Manchurian,’ ‘Greystripe,’ ‘Peredovik,’ and ‘Romania HS‐52’ were 42, 38, 27, 23, and 11%, respectively, of those on the limed soil (pH 5.5). Corresponding relative root yields (no lime/lime %) were 69, 55, 50, 29, and 7%. The differential Bladen soil tolerance of the Manchurian and Romania HS‐52 genotypes was confirmed in three additional experiments. The Manchurian genotype was also significantly more tolerant to excess Al in nutrient solutions than Romania HS‐52. For example, with 2, 4, and 6 ppm Al added at initial pH 4.6, the relative top yields (Al/no Al %) were 64, 28, and 28% for Manchurian and 64, 18, and 15% for Romania HS‐52. Corresponding relative root yields were 65, 28, and 21% for Manchurian and 59, 16, and 8% for Romania HS‐52. The greater acid soil sensitivity of the Romania HS‐52 genotype was associated with a chlorosis of young leaves which did not occur in Al‐toxic nutrient solutions. The stems of Bladen sensitive Romania HS‐52 plants accumulated significantly higher concentrations of Zn than did those of the more tolerant Manchurian genotypes when both were grown on the unlimited Bladen soil. Genotypic differences in Bladen soil sensitivity or susceptibility to the symptoms of leaf chlorosis were not related to any significant differences in the concentrations of Al, Ca, P, Fe, Mn, Cu, or Ni in the plant tops. Fertilization of the unlimed Bladen soil with Mo reduced the chlorosis in Bladen‐sensitive Romania HS‐52 but did not increase growth. Results of these studies suggest the possibility of breeding genotypes with greater tolerance to acid subsurface soils and the subsequent expansion of sunflower acreage into soil regions where the crop previously has not been successful.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower genotypes differed widely in acid-soil tolerance by vegetative growth.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Material
- genotypese0
- Outcome
- tolerance to the acid soile0
- Direction
- differed widelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With vegetative growth as an index, the genotypes differed widely in tolerance to the acid soil.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
On unlimed soil CM-2 top yield was 42% of its yield on limed soil.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- CM‐2e0
- Treatment
- unlimed soile0
- Outcome
- top yielde0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 42, 38, 27, 23, and 11%e0
- Comparator
- limed soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the unlimed soil (pH 4.1) the top yield of ‘CM‐2,’ ‘Manchurian,’ ‘Greystripe,’ ‘Peredovik,’ and ‘Romania HS‐52’ were 42, 38, 27, 23, and 11%, respectively, of those on the limed soil (pH 5.5).”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
On unlimed soil Manchurian top yield was 38% of its yield on limed soil.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Manchuriane0
- Treatment
- unlimed soile0
- Outcome
- top yielde0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 42, 38, 27, 23, and 11%e0
- Comparator
- limed soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the unlimed soil (pH 4.1) the top yield of ‘CM‐2,’ ‘Manchurian,’ ‘Greystripe,’ ‘Peredovik,’ and ‘Romania HS‐52’ were 42, 38, 27, 23, and 11%, respectively, of those on the limed soil (pH 5.5).”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
On unlimed soil Greystripe top yield was 27% of its yield on limed soil.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Greystripee0
- Treatment
- unlimed soile0
- Outcome
- top yielde0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 42, 38, 27, 23, and 11%e0
- Comparator
- limed soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the unlimed soil (pH 4.1) the top yield of ‘CM‐2,’ ‘Manchurian,’ ‘Greystripe,’ ‘Peredovik,’ and ‘Romania HS‐52’ were 42, 38, 27, 23, and 11%, respectively, of those on the limed soil (pH 5.5).”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
On unlimed soil Peredovik top yield was 23% of its yield on limed soil.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Peredovike0
- Treatment
- unlimed soile0
- Outcome
- top yielde0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 42, 38, 27, 23, and 11%e0
- Comparator
- limed soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the unlimed soil (pH 4.1) the top yield of ‘CM‐2,’ ‘Manchurian,’ ‘Greystripe,’ ‘Peredovik,’ and ‘Romania HS‐52’ were 42, 38, 27, 23, and 11%, respectively, of those on the limed soil (pH 5.5).”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
On unlimed soil Romania HS-52 top yield was 11% of its yield on limed soil.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Romania HS‐52e0
- Treatment
- unlimed soile0
- Outcome
- top yielde0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 42, 38, 27, 23, and 11%e0
- Comparator
- limed soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the unlimed soil (pH 4.1) the top yield of ‘CM‐2,’ ‘Manchurian,’ ‘Greystripe,’ ‘Peredovik,’ and ‘Romania HS‐52’ were 42, 38, 27, 23, and 11%, respectively, of those on the limed soil (pH 5.5).”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative root yields on unlimed versus limed soil ranged from 69% in CM-2 to 7% in Romania HS-52.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- relative root yieldse0
- Value
- 69, 55, 50, 29, and 7%e0
- Comparator
- no lime/lime %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corresponding relative root yields (no lime/lime %) were 69, 55, 50, 29, and 7%.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional experiments confirmed the difference in Bladen soil tolerance between Manchurian and Romania HS-52.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Manchurian and Romania HS‐52e0
- Outcome
- differential Bladen soil tolerancee0
- Value
- threee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The differential Bladen soil tolerance of the Manchurian and Romania HS‐52 genotypes was confirmed in three additional experiments.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Manchurian was significantly more tolerant than Romania HS-52 to excess aluminum in nutrient solution.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Manchuriane0
- Outcome
- tolerant to excess Ale0
- Direction
- more tolerante0
- Comparator
- Romania HS‐52e0
- Setting
- nutrient solutionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Manchurian genotype was also significantly more tolerant to excess Al in nutrient solutions than Romania HS‐52.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2, 4 and 6 ppm aluminum, Manchurian relative top yields were 64, 28 and 28%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Manchuriane0
- Treatment
- 2, 4, and 6 ppm Ale0
- Outcome
- relative top yieldse0
- Value
- 64, 28, and 28%e0
- Comparator
- Al/no Al %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with 2, 4, and 6 ppm Al added at initial pH 4.6, the relative top yields (Al/no Al %) were 64, 28, and 28% for Manchurian and 64, 18, and 15% for Romania HS‐52.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2, 4 and 6 ppm aluminum, Romania HS-52 relative top yields were 64, 18 and 15%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Romania HS‐52e0
- Treatment
- 2, 4, and 6 ppm Ale0
- Outcome
- relative top yieldse0
- Value
- 64, 18, and 15%e0
- Comparator
- Al/no Al %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with 2, 4, and 6 ppm Al added at initial pH 4.6, the relative top yields (Al/no Al %) were 64, 28, and 28% for Manchurian and 64, 18, and 15% for Romania HS‐52.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Manchurian relative root yields under excess aluminum were 65, 28 and 21%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Manchuriane0
- Outcome
- relative root yieldse0
- Value
- 65, 28, and 21%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corresponding relative root yields were 65, 28, and 21% for Manchurian and 59, 16, and 8% for Romania HS‐52.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Romania HS-52 relative root yields under excess aluminum were 59, 16 and 8%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Romania HS‐52e0
- Outcome
- relative root yieldse0
- Value
- 59, 16, and 8%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corresponding relative root yields were 65, 28, and 21% for Manchurian and 59, 16, and 8% for Romania HS‐52.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Romania HS-52 acid-soil sensitivity was associated with young-leaf chlorosis absent in aluminum-toxic nutrient solution.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Romania HS‐52e0
- Organ / stage
- young leavese0
- Outcome
- chlorosis of young leavese0
- Setting
- Al‐toxic nutrient solutionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greater acid soil sensitivity of the Romania HS‐52 genotype was associated with a chlorosis of young leaves which did not occur in Al‐toxic nutrient solutions.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Sensitive Romania HS-52 stems accumulated significantly more zinc than tolerant Manchurian stems on Bladen soil.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Romania HS‐52e0
- Organ / stage
- stemse0
- Outcome
- concentrations of Zne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Manchuriane0
- Setting
- Bladen soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The stems of Bladen sensitive Romania HS‐52 plants accumulated significantly higher concentrations of Zn than did those of the more tolerant Manchurian genotypes when both were grown on the unlimited Bladen soil.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotypic differences in soil sensitivity and chlorosis were not related to concentrations of several elements in tops.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Genotypice0
- Organ / stage
- plant topse0
- Outcome
- Bladen soil sensitivity or susceptibility to the symptoms of leaf chlorosise0
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede0
- Qualifier
- concentrations of Al, Ca, P, Fe, Mn, Cu, or Nie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genotypic differences in Bladen soil sensitivity or susceptibility to the symptoms of leaf chlorosis were not related to any significant differences in the concentrations of Al, Ca, P, Fe, Mn, Cu, or Ni in the plant tops.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Molybdenum fertilization reduced chlorosis in Romania HS-52 on unlimed soil.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Romania HS‐52e0
- Treatment
- Fertilization of the unlimed Bladen soil with Moe0
- Outcome
- chlorosise0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilization of the unlimed Bladen soil with Mo reduced the chlorosis in Bladen‐sensitive Romania HS‐52 but did not increase growth.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Molybdenum fertilization did not increase Romania HS-52 growth.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Romania HS‐52e0
- Treatment
- Fertilization of the unlimed Bladen soil with Moe0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilization of the unlimed Bladen soil with Mo reduced the chlorosis in Bladen‐sensitive Romania HS‐52 but did not increase growth.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest breeding sunflower for greater acid subsoil tolerance to expand acreage.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- breeding genotypes with greater tolerance to acid subsurface soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results of these studies suggest the possibility of breeding genotypes with greater tolerance to acid subsurface soils and the subsequent expansion of sunflower acreage”
The same questions in other papers
molybdenum atom · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
fertilization · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 134 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
142 papers more in this group
See all 146 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.