Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during Kharif season to study the efficacy of different pre- and post-emergence herbicides for weed management in greengram. Pre-emergence (PE) application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 0.75 kg/ha (pre-mix) effectively reduced both the density and dry matter of weeds whereas post-emergence (PoE) application of imazethapyr 10 SL at 55 g/ha significantly reduced Cyperus rotundus. All the PE and PoE herbicides significantly reduced the dry weight of weeds at 30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS) as compared to weedy check. The highest weed control efficiency was recorded in two hand weeding (90.2%), and was followed by pendimethalin + imazethapyr (pre-mix) 0.75 kg/ha applied as PE (86.8%). PoE herbicides (imazethapyr, imazamox+ imazethapyr and clodinafop-propargyl + aciflourfen- sodium) not only suppressed the crop growth, but also exhibited antagonistic effect on root nodulation. Significantly higher seed yields were recorded under two hand weeding and pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 0.75 kg/ha (PE). Two hand weeding also recorded the highest gross and net returns, and was followed by pendimethalin + imazethapyr (pre-mix) at 0.75 kg/ha (PE). Application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 0.75 kg/ha (PE) also gave the highest B:C ratio, and it was followed by two hand weeding. All the PoE herbicides fetched comparatively lower returns and B:C ratio.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-emergence pendimethalin plus imazethapyr reduced weed density and dry matter in greengram.
- Taxon
- greengram
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiata var. radiatat0 - Treatment
- pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 0.75 kg/hae0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- density and dry matter of weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Pre-emergence (PE) application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 0.75 kg/ha (pre-mix) effectively reduced both the density and dry matter of weeds”
t0“greengram”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-emergence imazethapyr significantly reduced Cyperus rotundus.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Treatment
- imazethapyr 10 SL at 55 g/hae0
- Interactor
- Cyperus rotundus
Cyperus rotunduse0weed - Outcome
- Cyperus rotunduse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“post-emergence (PoE) application of imazethapyr 10 SL at 55 g/ha significantly reduced Cyperus rotundus”
t0“greengram”
Claim · model-written summary
All pre- and post-emergence herbicides reduced weed dry weight at 30 and 60 days after sowing versus the weedy check.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Treatment
- All the PE and PoE herbicidese0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- dry weight of weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- at 30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the PE and PoE herbicides significantly reduced the dry weight of weeds at 30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS) as compared to weedy check”
t0“greengram”
Claim · model-written summary
two hand weeding achieved 90.2% weed control efficiency.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Treatment
- two hand weedinge0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 90.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest weed control efficiency was recorded in two hand weeding (90.2%), and was followed by pendimethalin + imazethapyr (pre-mix) 0.75 kg/ha applied as PE (86.8%)”
t0“greengram”
Claim · model-written summary
pendimethalin + imazethapyr (pre-mix) 0.75 kg/ha achieved 86.8% weed control efficiency.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin + imazethapyr (pre-mix) 0.75 kg/hae0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- followede0
- Value
- 86.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest weed control efficiency was recorded in two hand weeding (90.2%), and was followed by pendimethalin + imazethapyr (pre-mix) 0.75 kg/ha applied as PE (86.8%)”
t0“greengram”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-emergence herbicides suppressed crop growth in greengram.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Treatment
- PoE herbicidese0
- Outcome
- crop growthe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PoE herbicides (imazethapyr, imazamox+ imazethapyr and clodinafop-propargyl + aciflourfen- sodium) not only suppressed the crop growth, but also exhibited antagonistic effect on root nodulation”
t0“greengram”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-emergence herbicides suppressed root nodulation in greengram.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Treatment
- PoE herbicidese0
- Outcome
- root nodulatione0
- Direction
- antagonistice0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PoE herbicides (imazethapyr, imazamox+ imazethapyr and clodinafop-propargyl + aciflourfen- sodium) not only suppressed the crop growth, but also exhibited antagonistic effect on root nodulation”
t0“greengram”
Claim · model-written summary
two hand weeding produced significantly higher greengram seed yield.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Treatment
- two hand weedinge0
- Outcome
- seed yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher seed yields were recorded under two hand weeding and pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 0.75 kg/ha (PE)”
t0“greengram”
Claim · model-written summary
pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 0.75 kg/ha (PE) produced significantly higher greengram seed yield.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 0.75 kg/ha (PE)e0
- Outcome
- seed yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher seed yields were recorded under two hand weeding and pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 0.75 kg/ha (PE)”
t0“greengram”
Claim · model-written summary
Two hand weeding ranked highest for gross and net returns.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Treatment
- Two hand weedinge0
- Outcome
- gross and net returnse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two hand weeding also recorded the highest gross and net returns, and was followed by pendimethalin + imazethapyr (pre-mix) at 0.75 kg/ha (PE)”
t0“greengram”
Claim · model-written summary
pendimethalin + imazethapyr (pre-mix) at 0.75 kg/ha (PE) ranked followed for gross and net returns.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin + imazethapyr (pre-mix) at 0.75 kg/ha (PE)e0
- Outcome
- gross and net returnse0
- Direction
- followede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two hand weeding also recorded the highest gross and net returns, and was followed by pendimethalin + imazethapyr (pre-mix) at 0.75 kg/ha (PE)”
t0“greengram”
Claim · model-written summary
pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 0.75 kg/ha (PE) ranked highest for benefit-cost ratio.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 0.75 kg/ha (PE)e0
- Outcome
- B:C ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 0.75 kg/ha (PE) also gave the highest B:C ratio, and it was followed by two hand weeding”
t0“greengram”
Claim · model-written summary
two hand weeding ranked followed for benefit-cost ratio.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Treatment
- two hand weedinge0
- Outcome
- B:C ratioe0
- Direction
- followede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 0.75 kg/ha (PE) also gave the highest B:C ratio, and it was followed by two hand weeding”
t0“greengram”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-emergence herbicides yielded comparatively lower returns and benefit-cost ratio.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Treatment
- All the PoE herbicidese0
- Outcome
- returns and B:C ratioe0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the PoE herbicides fetched comparatively lower returns and B:C ratio”
t0“greengram”
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