Abstract
Nowadays, in Egypt there is a big shift towards increasing the cultivated area with broadcast-seeded rice which needs to overcome the heavy out weeds infestation in this case. Thus, four field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm of El-Serw Agri. Res. Station, Damietta Governorate in 2014 and 2015 summer seasons, to investigate effect of clover and wheat as two preceding winter crops before sowing the rice as broadcast-seeded rice and six weed control treatments [Saturn at 2.0 L/ faddan + Basagran at 1.5 L/ faddan, Ronstar at 0.75 L/ faddan + Enpul at 20 g/faddan, Rainbow at 0.4 L/ faddan + Enpul at 20 g/ faddan, Rainbow at 0.4 L/ faddan + Basagran at 1.5 L/ faddan combinations, hand weeding twice and untreated check] in each experiment on weeds, rice grain yield and its components with economic evaluation. The main findings indicated that sowing the rice as broadcasted after clover; and weed control treatments irrespective of the preceding winter crops decreased significantly the dry weight of both dicot and monocot weeds and markedly increased rice grain yield (ton/faddan) and its components i.e., plant height, number of tillers/m2, number of panicles/m2, number of filled grain/panicle and weight of grain/panicle, that is true in both seasons. In first season the interaction between clover as a preceding winter crop and herbicides combinations i.e. Rainbow 2.5% OD (penoxsulam) at 0.4 L/ faddan followed by Enpul 75% WG (halosulfuron-methyl) at 20 g/faddan; Rainbow 2.5% OD at 0.4 L/faddan followed by Basagran 48% AS (bentazon) at 1.5 L/ faddan; Ronstar 25% EC (oxadiazon) followed by Enpul 75% WG at 20 g/faddan and Saturn 50% EC (thiobencarb) at 2.0 L/faddan followed by Basagran 48% AS at 1.5 L/faddan reduced the total weeds by 91.7, 91.3, 88.5 and 86.3%, respectively, at 70 DAS, and accompanied with significant increases on rice grain yield by 145.3, 154.0, 122.0 and 148.0% than untreated check, respectively. Whilst, hand weeding twice was less effective on reducing the total weeds by 56.5 and 53.4% at the respective assessments and reflect that to increase rice grain yield in both seasons. The highest net income/faddan were obtained by the previous herbicidal combinations in trials preceded with clover than wheat during the two seasons. This study throw lights about suitable and satisfactory herbicidal combinations to overcome the heavy weeds infestation problem in broadcast-seeded rice. These results indicated that under heavy infestation with weeds in broadcast- seeded rice, it is possible to grow broadcast-seeded rice after clover with using one herbicides combinations,( Rainbow at 0.4L/fed + Enpul at 20 g/fed, Rainbow at 0.4L/fed + Basagran at 1.5 L/fed, Ronstar at 0.75 L/fed + Enpul at 20g/fed; and Saturn at 2.0 L/fed + Basagran at 1.5 L/fed) which, gave the highest redution weeds, increase broadcast- seeded rice yield and the highest economic values in both seasons.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Broadcast rice after clover with weed control decreased dry weight of both dicot and monocot weeds.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- after clovere0
- Outcome
- dry weight of both dicot and monocot weedse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sowing the rice as broadcasted after clover; and weed control treatments irrespective of the preceding winter crops decreased significantly the dry weight of both dicot and monocot weeds and markedly increased rice grain yield (ton/faddan) and its components i.e., plant height, number of tillers/m2, number of panicles/m2, number of filled grain/panicle and weight of grain/panicle”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadcast rice after clover with weed control increased rice grain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- after clovere0
- Outcome
- rice grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sowing the rice as broadcasted after clover; and weed control treatments irrespective of the preceding winter crops decreased significantly the dry weight of both dicot and monocot weeds and markedly increased rice grain yield (ton/faddan) and its components i.e., plant height, number of tillers/m2, number of panicles/m2, number of filled grain/panicle and weight of grain/panicle”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadcast rice after clover with weed control increased plant height.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- after clovere0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sowing the rice as broadcasted after clover; and weed control treatments irrespective of the preceding winter crops decreased significantly the dry weight of both dicot and monocot weeds and markedly increased rice grain yield (ton/faddan) and its components i.e., plant height, number of tillers/m2, number of panicles/m2, number of filled grain/panicle and weight of grain/panicle”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadcast rice after clover with weed control increased number of tillers/m2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- after clovere0
- Outcome
- number of tillers/m2e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sowing the rice as broadcasted after clover; and weed control treatments irrespective of the preceding winter crops decreased significantly the dry weight of both dicot and monocot weeds and markedly increased rice grain yield (ton/faddan) and its components i.e., plant height, number of tillers/m2, number of panicles/m2, number of filled grain/panicle and weight of grain/panicle”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadcast rice after clover with weed control increased number of panicles/m2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- after clovere0
- Outcome
- number of panicles/m2e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sowing the rice as broadcasted after clover; and weed control treatments irrespective of the preceding winter crops decreased significantly the dry weight of both dicot and monocot weeds and markedly increased rice grain yield (ton/faddan) and its components i.e., plant height, number of tillers/m2, number of panicles/m2, number of filled grain/panicle and weight of grain/panicle”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadcast rice after clover with weed control increased number of filled grain/panicle.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- after clovere0
- Outcome
- number of filled grain/paniclee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sowing the rice as broadcasted after clover; and weed control treatments irrespective of the preceding winter crops decreased significantly the dry weight of both dicot and monocot weeds and markedly increased rice grain yield (ton/faddan) and its components i.e., plant height, number of tillers/m2, number of panicles/m2, number of filled grain/panicle and weight of grain/panicle”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadcast rice after clover with weed control increased weight of grain/panicle.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- after clovere0
- Outcome
- weight of grain/paniclee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sowing the rice as broadcasted after clover; and weed control treatments irrespective of the preceding winter crops decreased significantly the dry weight of both dicot and monocot weeds and markedly increased rice grain yield (ton/faddan) and its components i.e., plant height, number of tillers/m2, number of panicles/m2, number of filled grain/panicle and weight of grain/panicle”
Claim · model-written summary
Rainbow 2.5% OD (penoxsulam) at 0.4 L/ faddan followed by Enpul 75% WG (halosulfuron-methyl) at 20 g/faddan after clover reduced total weeds by 91.7.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Rainbow 2.5% OD (penoxsulam) at 0.4 L/ faddan followed by Enpul 75% WG (halosulfuron-methyl) at 20 g/faddane0
- Outcome
- total weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 91.7e0
- Comparator
- untreated checke0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In first season the interaction between clover as a preceding winter crop and herbicides combinations i.e. Rainbow 2.5% OD (penoxsulam) at 0.4 L/ faddan followed by Enpul 75% WG (halosulfuron-methyl) at 20 g/faddan; Rainbow 2.5% OD at 0.4 L/faddan followed by Basagran 48% AS (bentazon) at 1.5 L/ faddan; Ronstar 25% EC (oxadiazon) followed by Enpul 75% WG at 20 g/faddan and Saturn 50% EC (thiobencarb) at 2.0 L/faddan followed by Basagran 48% AS at 1.5 L/faddan reduced the total weeds by 91.7, 91.3, 88.5 and 86.3%, respectively, at 70 DAS, and accompanied with significant increases on rice grain yield by 145.3, 154.0, 122.0 and 148.0% than untreated check, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rainbow 2.5% OD (penoxsulam) at 0.4 L/ faddan followed by Enpul 75% WG (halosulfuron-methyl) at 20 g/faddan after clover increases rice grain yield by 145.3.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Rainbow 2.5% OD (penoxsulam) at 0.4 L/ faddan followed by Enpul 75% WG (halosulfuron-methyl) at 20 g/faddane0
- Outcome
- rice grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 145.3e0
- Comparator
- untreated checke0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In first season the interaction between clover as a preceding winter crop and herbicides combinations i.e. Rainbow 2.5% OD (penoxsulam) at 0.4 L/ faddan followed by Enpul 75% WG (halosulfuron-methyl) at 20 g/faddan; Rainbow 2.5% OD at 0.4 L/faddan followed by Basagran 48% AS (bentazon) at 1.5 L/ faddan; Ronstar 25% EC (oxadiazon) followed by Enpul 75% WG at 20 g/faddan and Saturn 50% EC (thiobencarb) at 2.0 L/faddan followed by Basagran 48% AS at 1.5 L/faddan reduced the total weeds by 91.7, 91.3, 88.5 and 86.3%, respectively, at 70 DAS, and accompanied with significant increases on rice grain yield by 145.3, 154.0, 122.0 and 148.0% than untreated check, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rainbow 2.5% OD at 0.4 L/faddan followed by Basagran 48% AS (bentazon) at 1.5 L/ faddan after clover reduced total weeds by 91.3.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Rainbow 2.5% OD at 0.4 L/faddan followed by Basagran 48% AS (bentazon) at 1.5 L/ faddane0
- Outcome
- total weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 91.3e0
- Comparator
- untreated checke0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In first season the interaction between clover as a preceding winter crop and herbicides combinations i.e. Rainbow 2.5% OD (penoxsulam) at 0.4 L/ faddan followed by Enpul 75% WG (halosulfuron-methyl) at 20 g/faddan; Rainbow 2.5% OD at 0.4 L/faddan followed by Basagran 48% AS (bentazon) at 1.5 L/ faddan; Ronstar 25% EC (oxadiazon) followed by Enpul 75% WG at 20 g/faddan and Saturn 50% EC (thiobencarb) at 2.0 L/faddan followed by Basagran 48% AS at 1.5 L/faddan reduced the total weeds by 91.7, 91.3, 88.5 and 86.3%, respectively, at 70 DAS, and accompanied with significant increases on rice grain yield by 145.3, 154.0, 122.0 and 148.0% than untreated check, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rainbow 2.5% OD at 0.4 L/faddan followed by Basagran 48% AS (bentazon) at 1.5 L/ faddan after clover increases rice grain yield by 154.0.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Rainbow 2.5% OD at 0.4 L/faddan followed by Basagran 48% AS (bentazon) at 1.5 L/ faddane0
- Outcome
- rice grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 154.0e0
- Comparator
- untreated checke0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In first season the interaction between clover as a preceding winter crop and herbicides combinations i.e. Rainbow 2.5% OD (penoxsulam) at 0.4 L/ faddan followed by Enpul 75% WG (halosulfuron-methyl) at 20 g/faddan; Rainbow 2.5% OD at 0.4 L/faddan followed by Basagran 48% AS (bentazon) at 1.5 L/ faddan; Ronstar 25% EC (oxadiazon) followed by Enpul 75% WG at 20 g/faddan and Saturn 50% EC (thiobencarb) at 2.0 L/faddan followed by Basagran 48% AS at 1.5 L/faddan reduced the total weeds by 91.7, 91.3, 88.5 and 86.3%, respectively, at 70 DAS, and accompanied with significant increases on rice grain yield by 145.3, 154.0, 122.0 and 148.0% than untreated check, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ronstar 25% EC (oxadiazon) followed by Enpul 75% WG at 20 g/faddan after clover reduced total weeds by 88.5.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Ronstar 25% EC (oxadiazon) followed by Enpul 75% WG at 20 g/faddane0
- Outcome
- total weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 88.5e0
- Comparator
- untreated checke0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In first season the interaction between clover as a preceding winter crop and herbicides combinations i.e. Rainbow 2.5% OD (penoxsulam) at 0.4 L/ faddan followed by Enpul 75% WG (halosulfuron-methyl) at 20 g/faddan; Rainbow 2.5% OD at 0.4 L/faddan followed by Basagran 48% AS (bentazon) at 1.5 L/ faddan; Ronstar 25% EC (oxadiazon) followed by Enpul 75% WG at 20 g/faddan and Saturn 50% EC (thiobencarb) at 2.0 L/faddan followed by Basagran 48% AS at 1.5 L/faddan reduced the total weeds by 91.7, 91.3, 88.5 and 86.3%, respectively, at 70 DAS, and accompanied with significant increases on rice grain yield by 145.3, 154.0, 122.0 and 148.0% than untreated check, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ronstar 25% EC (oxadiazon) followed by Enpul 75% WG at 20 g/faddan after clover increases rice grain yield by 122.0.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Ronstar 25% EC (oxadiazon) followed by Enpul 75% WG at 20 g/faddane0
- Outcome
- rice grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 122.0e0
- Comparator
- untreated checke0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In first season the interaction between clover as a preceding winter crop and herbicides combinations i.e. Rainbow 2.5% OD (penoxsulam) at 0.4 L/ faddan followed by Enpul 75% WG (halosulfuron-methyl) at 20 g/faddan; Rainbow 2.5% OD at 0.4 L/faddan followed by Basagran 48% AS (bentazon) at 1.5 L/ faddan; Ronstar 25% EC (oxadiazon) followed by Enpul 75% WG at 20 g/faddan and Saturn 50% EC (thiobencarb) at 2.0 L/faddan followed by Basagran 48% AS at 1.5 L/faddan reduced the total weeds by 91.7, 91.3, 88.5 and 86.3%, respectively, at 70 DAS, and accompanied with significant increases on rice grain yield by 145.3, 154.0, 122.0 and 148.0% than untreated check, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Saturn 50% EC (thiobencarb) at 2.0 L/faddan followed by Basagran 48% AS at 1.5 L/faddan after clover reduced total weeds by 86.3.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Saturn 50% EC (thiobencarb) at 2.0 L/faddan followed by Basagran 48% AS at 1.5 L/faddane0
- Outcome
- total weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 86.3e0
- Comparator
- untreated checke0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In first season the interaction between clover as a preceding winter crop and herbicides combinations i.e. Rainbow 2.5% OD (penoxsulam) at 0.4 L/ faddan followed by Enpul 75% WG (halosulfuron-methyl) at 20 g/faddan; Rainbow 2.5% OD at 0.4 L/faddan followed by Basagran 48% AS (bentazon) at 1.5 L/ faddan; Ronstar 25% EC (oxadiazon) followed by Enpul 75% WG at 20 g/faddan and Saturn 50% EC (thiobencarb) at 2.0 L/faddan followed by Basagran 48% AS at 1.5 L/faddan reduced the total weeds by 91.7, 91.3, 88.5 and 86.3%, respectively, at 70 DAS, and accompanied with significant increases on rice grain yield by 145.3, 154.0, 122.0 and 148.0% than untreated check, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Saturn 50% EC (thiobencarb) at 2.0 L/faddan followed by Basagran 48% AS at 1.5 L/faddan after clover increases rice grain yield by 148.0.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Saturn 50% EC (thiobencarb) at 2.0 L/faddan followed by Basagran 48% AS at 1.5 L/faddane0
- Outcome
- rice grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 148.0e0
- Comparator
- untreated checke0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In first season the interaction between clover as a preceding winter crop and herbicides combinations i.e. Rainbow 2.5% OD (penoxsulam) at 0.4 L/ faddan followed by Enpul 75% WG (halosulfuron-methyl) at 20 g/faddan; Rainbow 2.5% OD at 0.4 L/faddan followed by Basagran 48% AS (bentazon) at 1.5 L/ faddan; Ronstar 25% EC (oxadiazon) followed by Enpul 75% WG at 20 g/faddan and Saturn 50% EC (thiobencarb) at 2.0 L/faddan followed by Basagran 48% AS at 1.5 L/faddan reduced the total weeds by 91.7, 91.3, 88.5 and 86.3%, respectively, at 70 DAS, and accompanied with significant increases on rice grain yield by 145.3, 154.0, 122.0 and 148.0% than untreated check, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand weeding twice reduced total weeds by 56.5% at one assessment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- hand weeding twicee0
- Outcome
- total weedse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 56.5e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hand weeding twice was less effective on reducing the total weeds by 56.5 and 53.4% at the respective assessments and reflect that to increase rice grain yield in both seasons.”
e1“rice grain yield (ton/faddan)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand weeding twice reduced total weeds by 53.4% at the other assessment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- hand weeding twicee0
- Outcome
- total weedse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 53.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hand weeding twice was less effective on reducing the total weeds by 56.5 and 53.4% at the respective assessments and reflect that to increase rice grain yield in both seasons.”
e1“rice grain yield (ton/faddan)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand weeding twice increased rice grain yield in both seasons.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- hand weeding twicee0
- Outcome
- rice grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- both seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hand weeding twice was less effective on reducing the total weeds by 56.5 and 53.4% at the respective assessments and reflect that to increase rice grain yield in both seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicide combinations after clover had the highest net income relative to wheat preceding crops.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- previous herbicidal combinationse0
- Outcome
- net income/faddane0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest net income/faddan were obtained by the previous herbicidal combinations in trials preceded with clover than wheat during the two seasons.”
e1“rice grain yield (ton/faddan)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend broadcast rice after clover with one of the listed herbicide combinations under heavy weed infestation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- grow broadcast-seeded rice after clover with using one herbicides combinationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results indicated that under heavy infestation with weeds in broadcast- seeded rice, it is possible to grow broadcast-seeded rice after clover with using one herbicides combinations,( Rainbow at 0.4L/fed + Enpul at 20 g/fed, Rainbow at 0.4L/fed + Basagran at 1.5 L/fed, Ronstar at 0.75 L/fed + Enpul at 20g/fed; and Saturn at 2.0 L/fed + Basagran at 1.5 L/fed) which, gave the highest redution weeds, increase broadcast- seeded rice yield and the highest economic values in both seasons.”
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See all 5 papers →8 of 14 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.