Abstract
Abstract Plant glutamate receptor‐like (GLR) genes play important roles in plant development and immune response. However, the functions of GLRs in abiotic stress response remain unclear. Here we show that cold acclimation at 12°C induced the transcripts of GLR3.3 and GLR3.5 with increased tolerance against a subsequent chilling at 4 °C. Silencing of GLR3.3 or/and GLR3.5 or application of the antagonist of ionotropic glutamate receptor 6,7‐dinitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (DNQX), all compromised the acclimation‐induced increases in the transcripts of respiratory burst oxidase homolog1 ( RBOH1 ), activity of NADPH oxidase, the accumulation of apoplastic H 2 O 2 and the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), resulting in an attenuated chilling tolerance; the effect, however, was rescued by foliar application of H 2 O 2 or GSH. Both RBOH1 ‐silenced and glutathione biosynthesis genes, γ‐ glutamylcysteine synthetase ( GSH1 )‐ and glutathione synthetase ( GSH2 )‐cosilenced plants had decreased chilling tolerance with reduced GSH/GSSG ratio. Moreover, application of DNQX had little effects on the GSH/GSSG ratio and the tolerance in RBOH1 ‐silenced plants and GSH1 ‐ and GSH2 ‐cosilenced plants. These findings unmasked the functional hierarchy of GLR‐H 2 O 2 ‐glutathione cascade and shed new light on cold response pathway in tomato plants.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Cold acclimation induced GLR3.3 and GLR3.5 transcripts.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- cold acclimation at 12°Ce0
- Outcome
- transcripts of GLR3.3 and GLR3.5e0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cold acclimation at 12°C induced the transcripts of GLR3.3 and GLR3.5 with increased tolerance against a subsequent chilling at 4 °C.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold acclimation increased tolerance to later chilling.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- cold acclimation at 12°Ce0
- Outcome
- tolerancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cold acclimation at 12°C induced the transcripts of GLR3.3 and GLR3.5 with increased tolerance against a subsequent chilling at 4 °C.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
GLR silencing or DNQX compromised acclimation-induced RBOH1 transcripts, NADPH oxidase activity, apoplastic hydrogen peroxide, and GSH/GSSG ratio.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Silencing of GLR3.3 or/and GLR3.5 or application of the antagonist of ionotropic glutamate receptor 6,7‐dinitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (DNQX)e0
- Outcome
- transcripts of respiratory burst oxidase homolog1 ( RBOH1 ), activity of NADPH oxidase, the accumulation of apoplastic H 2 O 2 and the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG)e0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing of GLR3.3 or/and GLR3.5 or application of the antagonist of ionotropic glutamate receptor 6,7‐dinitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (DNQX), all compromised the acclimation‐induced increases in the transcripts of respiratory burst oxidase homolog1 ( RBOH1 ), activity of NADPH oxidase, the accumulation of apoplastic H 2 O 2 and the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), resulting in an attenuated chilling tolerance”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
GLR silencing or DNQX attenuated chilling tolerance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Silencing of GLR3.3 or/and GLR3.5 or application of the antagonist of ionotropic glutamate receptor 6,7‐dinitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (DNQX)e0
- Outcome
- chilling tolerancee0
- Direction
- attenuatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing of GLR3.3 or/and GLR3.5 or application of the antagonist of ionotropic glutamate receptor 6,7‐dinitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (DNQX), all compromised the acclimation‐induced increases in the transcripts of respiratory burst oxidase homolog1 ( RBOH1 ), activity of NADPH oxidase, the accumulation of apoplastic H 2 O 2 and the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), resulting in an attenuated chilling tolerance”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar H2O2 or GSH rescued the attenuated tolerance effect.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of H 2 O 2 or GSHe0
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Direction
- rescuede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect, however, was rescued by foliar application of H 2 O 2 or GSH.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
RBOH1-silenced and GSH1/GSH2-cosilenced plants had decreased chilling tolerance and reduced GSH/GSSG ratio.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- RBOH1 ‐silenced and glutathione biosynthesis genes, γ‐ glutamylcysteine synthetase ( GSH1 )‐ and glutathione synthetase ( GSH2 )‐cosilencede0
- Outcome
- chilling tolerance with reduced GSH/GSSG ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both RBOH1 ‐silenced and glutathione biosynthesis genes, γ‐ glutamylcysteine synthetase ( GSH1 )‐ and glutathione synthetase ( GSH2 )‐cosilenced plants had decreased chilling tolerance with reduced GSH/GSSG ratio.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
DNQX had little effect on GSH/GSSG ratio and tolerance in RBOH1 or GSH1/GSH2 silenced plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- application of DNQXe0
- Outcome
- GSH/GSSG ratio and the tolerancee0
- Direction
- little effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of DNQX had little effects on the GSH/GSSG ratio and the tolerance in RBOH1 ‐silenced plants and GSH1 ‐ and GSH2 ‐cosilenced plants.”
t0“Tomato”
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