Abstract
Fall armyworm (FAW) was reported for the first time in Africa in 2016. FAW is widely distributed in Ethiopia, causing significant damage to maize. Nine synthetic insecticides belonging to different chemical groups and 11 pesticidal plants (botanicals) were tested for their efficacy against FAW under laboratory, greenhouse, and field conditions. In the laboratory, Radiant, Tracer, Karate, and Ampligo caused over 90% larval mortality 72 h after application. Malathion had moderate activity, causing 51.7% mortality 72 h after application, while Carbaryl was less effective, causing 28% mortality 72 h after application. In the greenhouse experiment, all synthetic insecticides reduced foliar damage to maize compared to the untreated control. Chemical sprays did not affect plant height, stem thickness, or leaf number. The highest fresh weight (471 g) was obtained from plants treated with Radiant. Among the botanicals tested, Azadirachta indica, Schinnus molle, and Phytolacca dodecandra resulted in the highest percentage larval mortality (>95%) 72 h after application. In the field, non-treated control plants showed extensive leaf injury compared to the synthetic insecticide- and botanical-treated plants. The synthetic insecticides and botanicals that showed high efficacy against FAW larvae can be used as components for integrated pest management (IPM) plans for FAW under smallholder farmer conditions in Ethiopia and elsewhere in Africa.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Radiant, Tracer, Karate, and Ampligo each caused over 90% fall armyworm larval mortality at 72 h.
- Treatment
- Radiant, Tracer, Karate, and Ampligoe0
- Outcome
- larval mortalitye0
- Direction
- causede0
- Value
- over 90%e0
- Interactor role
- peste0
Zea maysNot reportedInteractorComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Radiant, Tracer, Karate, and Ampligo caused over 90% larval mortality 72 h after application.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Malathion caused 51.7% larval mortality at 72 h.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malathion had moderate activity, causing 51.7% mortality 72 h after application”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbaryl caused 28% larval mortality at 72 h.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carbaryl was less effective, causing 28% mortality 72 h after application.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested synthetic insecticides reduced maize foliar damage relative to untreated controls in the greenhouse.
- Treatment
- all synthetic insecticidese0
- Outcome
- foliar damagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all synthetic insecticides reduced foliar damage to maize compared to the untreated control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical sprays did not significantly change maize height, stem thickness, or leaf number.
- Treatment
- Chemical sprayse0
- Outcome
- plant height, stem thickness, or leaf numbere0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chemical sprays did not affect plant height, stem thickness, or leaf number.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Radiant-treated maize had the highest fresh weight, 471 g.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest fresh weight (471 g) was obtained from plants treated with Radiant.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Azadirachta indica gave among the highest larval mortalities, above 95%, at 72 h.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azadirachta indica, Schinnus molle, and Phytolacca dodecandra resulted in the highest percentage larval mortality (>95%) 72 h after application.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Schinnus molle gave among the highest larval mortalities, above 95%, at 72 h.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azadirachta indica, Schinnus molle, and Phytolacca dodecandra resulted in the highest percentage larval mortality (>95%) 72 h after application.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytolacca dodecandra gave among the highest larval mortalities, above 95%, at 72 h.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azadirachta indica, Schinnus molle, and Phytolacca dodecandra resulted in the highest percentage larval mortality (>95%) 72 h after application.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated maize had more field leaf injury than insecticide and botanical treated maize.
- Treatment
- synthetic insecticide- and botanical-treatede0
- Outcome
- leaf injurye0
- Direction
- extensivee0
- Comparator
- non-treated control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“non-treated control plants showed extensive leaf injury compared to the synthetic insecticide- and botanical-treated plants.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Effective insecticides and botanicals were recommended for integrated fall armyworm management in smallholder farming.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The synthetic insecticides and botanicals that showed high efficacy against FAW larvae can be used as components for integrated pest management (IPM) plans for FAW under smallholder farmer conditions in Ethiopia and elsewhere in Africa.”
t0“Maize”
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See all 337 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.