Abstract
Abstract In Mexico, conventional insecticides are the main tools used to manage the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in maize, Zea mays L. This scenario results in the need to continually assess the biological efficacy of insecticides used to combat this pest. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of insecticides with different modes of action in diverse locations under different levels of S. frugiperda larval infestation. The insecticides evaluated decreased larval density per plant to levels below the recommended economic threshold (ET) of 2.0 larvae per 10 plants (0.2/plant), resulting in decreased levels of damage to the plant whorl. When applied at infestation levels below the ET, larval numbers remained below the ET for at least 7–14 d after application. In contrast, when applied with infestation levels above the recommended ET, the performance of some insecticides in terms of effectively reducing larval density decreased. We, however, found that Coragen® (chlorantraniliprole; FMC Agroquímica de México), Clavis® (thiodicarb + triflumuron; Bayer de México), and Pleo® 50 EC (pyridalyl; Valent de México) can be used under these conditions to provide adequate protection up to 21 d after application. The information obtained in our experiments confirms the need to adjust the current ET depending on the type of compound to be used, since the insecticides used performed more efficiently and for a long time at densities lower than 2.0 larvae per 10 plants.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticides lowered fall armyworm density below the economic threshold.
- Treatment
- insecticidese0
- Outcome
- larval density per plante0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 2.0 larvae per 10 plantse0
- Comparator
- recommended economic thresholde0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The insecticides evaluated decreased larval density per plant to levels below the recommended economic threshold (ET) of 2.0 larvae per 10 plants (0.2/plant)”
t0“Maize”
e1“The insecticides evaluated decreased larval density per plant to levels below the recommended economic threshold (ET) of 2.0 larvae per 10 plants (0.2/plant)”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide use decreased damage to the maize whorl.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in decreased levels of damage to the plant whorl”
t0“Maize”
e1“The insecticides evaluated decreased larval density per plant to levels below the recommended economic threshold (ET) of 2.0 larvae per 10 plants (0.2/plant)”
Claim · model-written summary
Below threshold applications kept larval numbers below threshold for 7–14 days.
- Treatment
- applied at infestation levels below the ETe0
- Outcome
- larval numberse0
- Direction
- belowe0
- Value
- 7–14 de0
- Comparator
- ETe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied at infestation levels below the ET, larval numbers remained below the ET for at least 7–14 d after application”
t0“Maize”
e1“The insecticides evaluated decreased larval density per plant to levels below the recommended economic threshold (ET) of 2.0 larvae per 10 plants (0.2/plant)”
Claim · model-written summary
Some insecticides reduced larval density less effectively when applied above the threshold.
- Treatment
- infestation levels above the recommended ETe0
- Outcome
- performance of some insecticidese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when applied with infestation levels above the recommended ET, the performance of some insecticides in terms of effectively reducing larval density decreased”
t0“Maize”
e1“The insecticides evaluated decreased larval density per plant to levels below the recommended economic threshold (ET) of 2.0 larvae per 10 plants (0.2/plant)”
Claim · model-written summary
Coragen provided adequate protection up to 21 days after above-threshold application.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Coragen® (chlorantraniliprole; FMC Agroquímica de México), Clavis® (thiodicarb + triflumuron; Bayer de México), and Pleo® 50 EC (pyridalyl; Valent de México) can be used under these conditions to provide adequate protection up to 21 d after application”
t0“Maize”
e1“The insecticides evaluated decreased larval density per plant to levels below the recommended economic threshold (ET) of 2.0 larvae per 10 plants (0.2/plant)”
Claim · model-written summary
Clavis provided adequate protection up to 21 days after above-threshold application.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Coragen® (chlorantraniliprole; FMC Agroquímica de México), Clavis® (thiodicarb + triflumuron; Bayer de México), and Pleo® 50 EC (pyridalyl; Valent de México) can be used under these conditions to provide adequate protection up to 21 d after application”
t0“Maize”
e1“The insecticides evaluated decreased larval density per plant to levels below the recommended economic threshold (ET) of 2.0 larvae per 10 plants (0.2/plant)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pleo provided adequate protection up to 21 days after above-threshold application.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Coragen® (chlorantraniliprole; FMC Agroquímica de México), Clavis® (thiodicarb + triflumuron; Bayer de México), and Pleo® 50 EC (pyridalyl; Valent de México) can be used under these conditions to provide adequate protection up to 21 d after application”
t0“Maize”
e1“The insecticides evaluated decreased larval density per plant to levels below the recommended economic threshold (ET) of 2.0 larvae per 10 plants (0.2/plant)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend adjusting the economic threshold to the insecticide used.
- Outcome
- adjust the current ET depending on the type of compounde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“need to adjust the current ET depending on the type of compound to be used”
t0“Maize”
e1“The insecticides evaluated decreased larval density per plant to levels below the recommended economic threshold (ET) of 2.0 larvae per 10 plants (0.2/plant)”
The same questions in other papers
infection · pest · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →insecticide · pest · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
47 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
58 papers more in this group
See all 62 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.