Abstract
Abstract γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) has high physiological activity in plant stress physiology. This study showed that the application of exogenous GABA by root drenching to moderately (MS, 150 mM salt concentration) and severely salt-stressed (SS, 300 mM salt concentration) plants significantly increased endogenous GABA concentration and improved maize seedling growth but decreased glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity compared with non-treated ones. Exogenous GABA alleviated damage to membranes, increased in proline and soluble sugar content in leaves, and reduced water loss. After the application of GABA, maize seedling leaves suffered less oxidative damage in terms of superoxide anion (O 2 ·− ) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. GABA-treated MS and SS maize seedlings showed increased enzymatic antioxidant activity compared with that of untreated controls, and GABA-treated MS maize seedlings had a greater increase in enzymatic antioxidant activity than SS maize seedlings. Salt stress severely damaged cell function and inhibited photosynthesis, especially in SS maize seedlings. Exogenous GABA application could reduce the accumulation of harmful substances, help maintain cell morphology, and improve the function of cells during salt stress. These effects could reduce the damage to the photosynthetic system from salt stress and improve photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. GABA enhanced the salt tolerance of maize seedlings.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Root-drenched GABA significantly increased endogenous GABA in salt-stressed maize seedlings.
- Treatment
- application of exogenous GABA by root drenchinge0
- Outcome
- endogenous GABA concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- moderately (MS, 150 mM salt concentration) and severely salt-stressed (SS, 300 mM salt concentration)e0
- Comparator
- non-treated onese0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of exogenous GABA by root drenching to moderately (MS, 150 mM salt concentration) and severely salt-stressed (SS, 300 mM salt concentration) plants significantly increased endogenous GABA concentration and improved maize seedling growth but decreased glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity compared with non-treated ones”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA improved maize seedling growth under moderate and severe salt stress.
- Treatment
- application of exogenous GABA by root drenchinge0
- Outcome
- maize seedling growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- non-treated onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of exogenous GABA by root drenching to moderately (MS, 150 mM salt concentration) and severely salt-stressed (SS, 300 mM salt concentration) plants significantly increased endogenous GABA concentration and improved maize seedling growth but decreased glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity compared with non-treated ones”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA decreased GAD activity in salt-stressed maize seedlings.
- Treatment
- application of exogenous GABA by root drenchinge0
- Gene
- glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)e0
- Outcome
- glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- non-treated onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of exogenous GABA by root drenching to moderately (MS, 150 mM salt concentration) and severely salt-stressed (SS, 300 mM salt concentration) plants significantly increased endogenous GABA concentration and improved maize seedling growth but decreased glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity compared with non-treated ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous GABA alleviated membrane damage.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous GABA alleviated damage to membranes, increased in proline and soluble sugar content in leaves, and reduced water loss.”
t0“Maize Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous GABA increased proline and soluble sugar content in leaves.
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Exogenous GABAe0
- Outcome
- proline and soluble sugar content in leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous GABA alleviated damage to membranes, increased in proline and soluble sugar content in leaves, and reduced water loss.”
t0“Maize Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous GABA reduced water loss.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous GABA alleviated damage to membranes, increased in proline and soluble sugar content in leaves, and reduced water loss.”
t0“Maize Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA-treated leaves had less superoxide and MDA-associated oxidative damage.
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- application of GABAe0
- Outcome
- oxidative damage in terms of superoxide anion (O 2 ·− ) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contente0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After the application of GABA, maize seedling leaves suffered less oxidative damage in terms of superoxide anion (O 2 ·− ) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content.”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA increased enzymatic antioxidant activity in moderately and severely stressed maize seedlings.
- Treatment
- GABA-treatede0
- Outcome
- enzymatic antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GABA-treated MS and SS maize seedlings showed increased enzymatic antioxidant activity compared with that of untreated controls, and GABA-treated MS maize seedlings had a greater increase in enzymatic antioxidant activity than SS maize seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
The GABA-associated increase in antioxidant activity was greater under moderate than severe salt stress.
- Treatment
- GABA-treated MS maize seedlingse0
- Outcome
- enzymatic antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- greater increasee0
- Comparator
- SS maize seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GABA-treated MS and SS maize seedlings showed increased enzymatic antioxidant activity compared with that of untreated controls, and GABA-treated MS maize seedlings had a greater increase in enzymatic antioxidant activity than SS maize seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress damaged cell function and inhibited photosynthesis, especially under severe stress.
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- cell function and inhibited photosynthesise0
- Direction
- damagede0
- Qualifier
- especially in SS maize seedlingse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress severely damaged cell function and inhibited photosynthesis, especially in SS maize seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA was reported to reduce harmful-substance accumulation under salt stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous GABA application could reduce the accumulation of harmful substances, help maintain cell morphology, and improve the function of cells during salt stress.”
t0“Maize Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA was reported to help maintain cell morphology under salt stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous GABA application could reduce the accumulation of harmful substances, help maintain cell morphology, and improve the function of cells during salt stress.”
t0“Maize Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA was reported to improve cell function under salt stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous GABA application could reduce the accumulation of harmful substances, help maintain cell morphology, and improve the function of cells during salt stress.”
t0“Maize Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA was reported to reduce photosynthetic-system damage and improve photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters.
- Treatment
- These effectse0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameterse0
- Direction
- improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These effects could reduce the damage to the photosynthetic system from salt stress and improve photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters.”
t0“Maize Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA enhanced maize seedling salt tolerance.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GABA enhanced the salt tolerance of maize seedlings.”
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See all 56 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.