Abstract
The relative effectiveness of twelve indigenous rhizosphere isolates of fungal and bacterial biocontrol agents (BCAs) was evaluated against rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola on rice cv. PS-5. The culture filtrates of BCAs significantly inhibited egg hatching and caused mortality to nematode juveniles. However, considerable variability was observed in the degree of virulence among different isolates/strains when tested in vitro. Six most efficient isolates/strains were selected to ascertain their effectiveness under pot condition. The BCAs were applied as soil application at 2 mL/pot (2–3.5 × 106 CFU/mL). Plants grown in the nematode inoculated soil developed terminal galls on roots and suffered 24–31% reduction in plant growth and yield. However, applications of BCA suppressed the negative impact of the nematode and subsequently increased plant growth and yield. Notably, application of Pseudomonas putida provided better control of root-knot disease, compared to rest of BCAs. The frequency of BCA colonization on eggs, juveniles and adult females of M. graminicola was highest with Trichoderma harzianum followed by Purpureocillium lilacinum. While these effects were minimal with Bacillus subtilis. However, the greatest build-up in the rhizosphere population was recorded with P. putida followed by P. fluorescens and T. harzianum. Our study revealed for the first time the antagonistic effect of P. putida against M. graminicola. Interestingly, the relative effectiveness of P. putida was found to be higher than P. fluorescens and P. lilacinum. In addition to these, we also observed T. harzianum to effectively suppress the M. graminicola, as an endophyte. Field trials under naturally infested plots validated the efficacy of P. putida and T. harzianum, and satisfactorily controlled M. graminicola with 60–74% enhancement in the tillering and yield of rice.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Biocontrol culture filtrates significantly inhibited rice root-knot nematode egg hatching and killed juveniles.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- culture filtrates of BCAse0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolat0pest
- Outcome
- egg hatching and caused mortality to nematode juvenilese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The culture filtrates of BCAs significantly inhibited egg hatching and caused mortality to nematode juveniles”
t0“rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode inoculation produced terminal root galls on rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nematode inoculated soile0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolat0pest
- Outcome
- terminal galls on rootse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants grown in the nematode inoculated soil developed terminal galls on roots and suffered 24–31% reduction in plant growth and yield”
t0“rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode inoculation reduced rice growth and yield by 24–31%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nematode inoculated soile0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolat0pest
- Outcome
- plant growth and yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 24–31%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants grown in the nematode inoculated soil developed terminal galls on roots and suffered 24–31% reduction in plant growth and yield”
t0“rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
Biocontrol agent application increased rice growth and yield in nematode affected plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- applications of BCAe0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolat0pest
- Outcome
- plant growth and yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applications of BCA suppressed the negative impact of the nematode and subsequently increased plant growth and yield”
t0“rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas putida provided better root-knot disease control than the other biocontrol agents.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- application of Pseudomonas putidae0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolat0pest
- Second interactor
- Pseudomonas putida
Pseudomonas putidae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- control of root-knot diseasee0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- rest of BCAse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of Pseudomonas putida provided better control of root-knot disease, compared to rest of BCAs”
t0“rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma harzianum had highest colonization of nematode life stages.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- M. graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae0pestt0
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- BCA colonization on eggs, juveniles and adult females of M. graminicolae0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The frequency of BCA colonization on eggs, juveniles and adult females of M. graminicola was highest with Trichoderma harzianum followed by Purpureocillium lilacinum. While these effects were minimal with Bacillus subtilis”
t0“rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
Purpureocillium lilacinum had followed by colonization of nematode life stages.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- M. graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae0pestt0
- Second interactor
- Purpureocillium lilacinum
Purpureocillium lilacinume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- BCA colonization on eggs, juveniles and adult females of M. graminicolae0
- Direction
- followed bye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The frequency of BCA colonization on eggs, juveniles and adult females of M. graminicola was highest with Trichoderma harzianum followed by Purpureocillium lilacinum. While these effects were minimal with Bacillus subtilis”
t0“rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis had minimal colonization of nematode life stages.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- M. graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae0pestt0
- Second interactor
- Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- BCA colonization on eggs, juveniles and adult females of M. graminicolae0
- Direction
- minimale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The frequency of BCA colonization on eggs, juveniles and adult females of M. graminicola was highest with Trichoderma harzianum followed by Purpureocillium lilacinum. While these effects were minimal with Bacillus subtilis”
t0“rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
P. putida showed ranked rhizosphere population build-up.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- P. putidaPseudomonas putidae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- build-up in the rhizosphere populatione0
- Direction
- greateste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the greatest build-up in the rhizosphere population was recorded with P. putida followed by P. fluorescens and T. harzianum”
t0“rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescens showed ranked rhizosphere population build-up.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- build-up in the rhizosphere populatione0
- Direction
- followed bye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the greatest build-up in the rhizosphere population was recorded with P. putida followed by P. fluorescens and T. harzianum”
t0“rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum showed ranked rhizosphere population build-up.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- build-up in the rhizosphere populatione0
- Direction
- followed bye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the greatest build-up in the rhizosphere population was recorded with P. putida followed by P. fluorescens and T. harzianum”
t0“rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
P. putida was more effective than P. fluorescens and P. lilacinum against the nematode.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- P. putidae0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolat0pest
- Second interactor
- P. putidaPseudomonas putidae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- relative effectivenesse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- P. fluorescens and P. lilacinume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the relative effectiveness of P. putida was found to be higher than P. fluorescens and P. lilacinum”
t0“rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophytic T. harzianum suppressed M. graminicola.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- M. graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae0pestt0
- Second interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- M. graminicolae0
- Direction
- suppresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. harzianum to effectively suppress the M. graminicola, as an endophyte”
t0“rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
Field use of P. putida controlled M. graminicola and enhanced rice tillering and yield by 60–74%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- P. putidae0
- Interactor
- M. graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae0pestt0
- Second interactor
- P. putidaPseudomonas putidae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- tillering and yield of ricee0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- 60–74%e0
- Setting
- Field trialse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field trials under naturally infested plots validated the efficacy of P. putida and T. harzianum, and satisfactorily controlled M. graminicola with 60–74% enhancement in the tillering and yield of rice”
t0“rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
Field use of T. harzianum controlled M. graminicola and enhanced rice tillering and yield by 60–74%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- M. graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae0pestt0
- Second interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- tillering and yield of ricee0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- 60–74%e0
- Setting
- Field trialse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field trials under naturally infested plots validated the efficacy of P. putida and T. harzianum, and satisfactorily controlled M. graminicola with 60–74% enhancement in the tillering and yield of rice”
t0“rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola”
The same questions in other papers
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
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Pseudomonas putida · Meloidogyne graminicola · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
inoculation · Meloidogyne graminicola · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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See all 13 papers →biocontrol · Meloidogyne graminicola · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
pathogen product · Meloidogyne graminicola · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.