Abstract
Integrated management modules were assessed against rice root-knot pathogen of rice, Meloidogyne graminicola in pot conditions using two proven biocontrol agents (BCAs, Pseudomonas putida AMUPP-1 and Trichoderma harzianum AMUTH-1) and two new nematicides (fluopyram and fluensulfone) on a susceptible rice cultivar Pusa Sugandha-5. Two treatment methods, root-dip (RD) and soil application (SA) were selected, based on the optimization of BCAs and nematicides in a previous experiment. Standard nematicide, carbofuran was also used to compare the efficiency of new nematicides. The plant grown in soil infected with 1000 J2s of M. graminicola suffered a 32–36% suppression in plant growth and grain yield. However, RD treatment with P. putida and T. harzianum combined with SA at 20 days after planting of fluopyram and fluensulfone reduced the adverse effect of the nematode but significantly varied with the treatments. Among the treatments, RD with P. putida followed by SA with fluopyram proved most efficacious and reduced the root-knot severity by 68–75% and reproduction factor by 81% resulted in a 34–40% plant growth promotion and yield enhancement by 57–72%. RD with P. putida and SA with carbofuran was next in effectiveness trailed by RD with T. harzianum + SA with fluopyram and RD of P. putida + SA of fluensulfone. The comparative effectiveness of RD with T. harzianum and SA of fluensulfone was found lowest in decreasing rice root-knot severity and plant growth promotion. The study demonstrated that the application of fluopyram will provide an alternative chemical for the control of M. graminicola in the scenario of carbofuran being banned.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode infection suppressed rice plant growth by 32–36%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- soil infected with 1000 J2s of M. graminicolae0
- Interactor
- M. graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- suppressione0
- Value
- 32–36%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plant grown in soil infected with 1000 J2s of M. graminicola suffered a 32–36% suppression in plant growth and grain yield”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode infection suppressed rice grain yield by 32–36%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- soil infected with 1000 J2s of M. graminicolae0
- Interactor
- M. graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- suppressione0
- Value
- 32–36%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plant grown in soil infected with 1000 J2s of M. graminicola suffered a 32–36% suppression in plant growth and grain yield”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
P. putida root dip followed by fluopyram soil application reduced root-knot severity by 68–75%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- RD with P. putida followed by SA with fluopyrame0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolat1pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. putida
Pseudomonas putidae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- root-knot severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 68–75%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RD with P. putida followed by SA with fluopyram proved most efficacious and reduced the root-knot severity by 68–75%”
t0“rice”
t1“Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
That treatment reduced the nematode reproduction factor by 81%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- RD with P. putida followed by SA with fluopyrame0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolat1pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. putidaPseudomonas putidae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- reproduction factore0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 81%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RD with P. putida followed by SA with fluopyram proved most efficacious and reduced the root-knot severity by 68–75% and reproduction factor by 81%”
t0“rice”
t1“Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
That treatment promoted rice growth by 34–40%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- RD with P. putida followed by SA with fluopyrame0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolat1pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. putidaPseudomonas putidae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- plant growth promotione0
- Direction
- promotione0
- Value
- 34–40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RD with P. putida followed by SA with fluopyram proved most efficacious and reduced the root-knot severity by 68–75% and reproduction factor by 81% resulted in a 34–40% plant growth promotion”
t0“rice”
t1“Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
That treatment enhanced rice yield by 57–72%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- RD with P. putida followed by SA with fluopyrame0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolat1pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. putidaPseudomonas putidae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- yield enhancemente0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- 57–72%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RD with P. putida followed by SA with fluopyram proved most efficacious and reduced the root-knot severity by 68–75% and reproduction factor by 81% resulted in a 34–40% plant growth promotion and yield enhancement by 57–72%”
t0“rice”
t1“Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
P. putida root dip plus carbofuran soil application ranked next in effectiveness.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- P. putidaPseudomonas putidae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- next in effectivenesse0
- Direction
- next in effectivenesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RD with P. putida and SA with carbofuran was next in effectiveness”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum root dip plus fluopyram soil application followed carbofuran treatment in effectiveness.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- trailede0
- Direction
- trailede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“trailed by RD with T. harzianum + SA with fluopyram”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
P. putida root dip plus fluensulfone soil application followed in effectiveness.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- P. putidaPseudomonas putidae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- RD of P. putida + SA of fluensulfonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RD of P. putida + SA of fluensulfone”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum plus fluensulfone was least effective for decreasing root-knot severity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- RD with T. harzianum and SA of fluensulfonee0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolat1pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- rice root-knot severitye0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RD with T. harzianum and SA of fluensulfone was found lowest in decreasing rice root-knot severity”
t1“Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum plus fluensulfone was least effective for promoting rice growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- RD with T. harzianum and SA of fluensulfonee0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolat1pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- plant growth promotione0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RD with T. harzianum and SA of fluensulfone was found lowest in decreasing rice root-knot severity and plant growth promotion”
t1“Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose fluopyram as an alternative control chemical if carbofuran is banned.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- M. graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- application of fluopyrame0
- Qualifier
- carbofuran being bannede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of fluopyram will provide an alternative chemical for the control of M. graminicola in the scenario of carbofuran being banned”
t0“rice”
The same questions in other papers
fluensulfone · Meloidogyne graminicola · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Trichoderma harzianum · Meloidogyne graminicola · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
fluopyram · Meloidogyne graminicola · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Pseudomonas putida · Meloidogyne graminicola · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Meloidogyne graminicola · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
Meloidogyne graminicola · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
- negative
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See all 6 papers →infection · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
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See all 33 papers →infection · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
34 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- positive
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40 papers more in this group
See all 44 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.