Abstract
We investigated the antagonistic activities of endophytic and rhizosphere fungi, isolated from three different rice cropping areas in Vietnam, against the rice root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola. Amongst the three types of soils (alluvial, acid sulphate and gleyic acrisol), the alluvial soils contained the highest number of fungal strains that were able endophytically to colonise rice roots, and also showed a high biological control potential against the rice root-knot nematode. The gleyic acrisol contained fewer fungi with intermediate biological control levels while the acid sulphate soil hosted the lowest number of endophytic fungi. By inoculating roots of rice seedlings with conidia of endophytic and rhizosphere Fusarium isolates, root-galling severity was reduced by 29–42% and root weight was increased by up to 33%. Trichoderma species, which were recovered only from the rhizosphere of the rice plants grown in the three sampled soils, showed similar biological control effects on nematode galling and on plant growth by reducing galling severity by up to 38%. We conclude that Fusarium and Trichoderma isolates are potential biological control agents against M. graminicola in rice in that fungal treatments reduced root-knot levels significantly and that depending on initial nematode density in the soil, these reductions would have an economic impact on rice production.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Alluvial soils contained the most rice root-colonizing fungal strains.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Outcome
- number of fungal strains that were able endophytically to colonise rice rootse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Setting
- alluvial soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the alluvial soils contained the highest number of fungal strains that were able endophytically to colonise rice roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Alluvial soil fungi showed high biological control potential against rice root-knot nematode.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- biological control potential against the rice root-knot nematodee0
- Direction
- highe0
- Setting
- alluvial soilse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“also showed a high biological control potential against the rice root-knot nematode”
e1“the alluvial soils contained the highest number of fungal strains that were able endophytically to colonise rice roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Gleyic acrisol contained fewer fungi with intermediate biological control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- fungie0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Setting
- gleyic acrisole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The gleyic acrisol contained fewer fungi with intermediate biological control levels”
e1“rice roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid sulphate soil hosted the fewest endophytic fungi.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- number of endophytic fungie0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Setting
- acid sulphate soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the acid sulphate soil hosted the lowest number of endophytic fungi”
e1“rice roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium inoculation reduced rice root galling severity by 29–42%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- inoculating roots of rice seedlings with conidia of endophytic and rhizosphere Fusarium isolatese0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae1pathogen
- Outcome
- root-galling severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 29–42%e0
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By inoculating roots of rice seedlings with conidia of endophytic and rhizosphere Fusarium isolates, root-galling severity was reduced by 29–42%”
e1“Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium inoculation increased rice root weight by up to 33%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- inoculating roots of rice seedlings with conidia of endophytic and rhizosphere Fusarium isolatese0
- Outcome
- root weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- up to 33%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By inoculating roots of rice seedlings with conidia of endophytic and rhizosphere Fusarium isolates, root-galling severity was reduced by 29–42% and root weight was increased by up to 33%”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma species were recovered only from rice rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma species
Trichodermae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- recovered only from the rhizospheree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma species, which were recovered only from the rhizosphere of the rice plants grown in the three sampled soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma reduced rice nematode galling severity by up to 38%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma speciese0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma speciesTrichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- galling severitye0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- up to 38%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma species, which were recovered only from the rhizosphere of the rice plants grown in the three sampled soils, showed similar biological control effects on nematode galling and on plant growth by reducing galling severity by up to 38%”
e1“Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma showed a biological control effect on rice plant growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma speciese0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma speciesTrichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma species, which were recovered only from the rhizosphere of the rice plants grown in the three sampled soils, showed similar biological control effects on nematode galling and on plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors consider Fusarium and Trichoderma potential biological control agents for rice root-knot nematode.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- potential biological control agents against M. graminicolae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium and Trichoderma isolates are potential biological control agents against M. graminicola in rice”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
29 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
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See all 36 papers →Fusarium · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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Trichoderma · Meloidogyne graminicola · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
inoculation · Meloidogyne graminicola · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
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See all 13 papers →inoculation · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
361 papers in the same direction as this paper · 34 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
395 papers more in this group
See all 399 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.