Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of rice straw and water regimes on CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy fields for two rice growing seasons (summer 2014 and spring 2015). Water regimes included alternating wet–dry irrigation (AWD) maintained at three levels (–5 cm, – 10 cm and –15 cm) in comparison to continuous flooding irrigation (CF). Rice straw (5 t ha–1) was incorporated into the top soil (0 – 15 cm), distributed and burned in situ. Results showed that using burned in situ rice straw was found to reduce seasonal cumulative CH4 emission (24–34% in summer; 18–28% in spring), N2O emission (21–32% in summer; 22–29% in spring) and lower rice yield (8–9%) than rice straw incorporation into top soil. AWD methods reduced the amount of CH4 production (22.6–41.5%) and increased N2O emission (25–26%) without any decrease in rice yield. Rice straw incorporation into the top soil with AWD had higher water productivity (23–37%) than rice straw when burned in situ with CF. The results conclude that AWD and rice straw management can be employed as mitigation strategy for CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy fields in Central Vietnam.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Burned in situ rice straw reduced seasonal cumulative CH4 emission relative to straw incorporated into the top soil.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- burned in situ rice strawe0
- Outcome
- seasonal cumulative CH4 emissione0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Value
- 24–34% in summer; 18–28% in springe0
- Comparator
- rice straw incorporation into top soile0
- Setting
- Central Vietnamt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Incorporation of rice straw mitigates CH4and N2O emissions in water saving paddy fields of Central Vietnam”
e0“using burned in situ rice straw was found to reduce seasonal cumulative CH4 emission (24–34% in summer; 18–28% in spring), N2O emission (21–32% in summer; 22–29% in spring) and lower rice yield (8–9%) than rice straw incorporation into top soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Burned in situ rice straw reduced seasonal cumulative N2O emission relative to straw incorporated into the top soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- burned in situ rice strawe0
- Outcome
- N2O emissione0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Value
- 21–32% in summer; 22–29% in springe0
- Comparator
- rice straw incorporation into top soile0
- Setting
- Central Vietnamt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Incorporation of rice straw mitigates CH4and N2O emissions in water saving paddy fields of Central Vietnam”
e0“using burned in situ rice straw was found to reduce seasonal cumulative CH4 emission (24–34% in summer; 18–28% in spring), N2O emission (21–32% in summer; 22–29% in spring) and lower rice yield (8–9%) than rice straw incorporation into top soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Burned in situ rice straw lowered rice yield by 8–9% relative to straw incorporated into the top soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- burned in situ rice strawe0
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 8–9%e0
- Comparator
- rice straw incorporation into top soile0
- Setting
- Central Vietnamt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Incorporation of rice straw mitigates CH4and N2O emissions in water saving paddy fields of Central Vietnam”
e0“using burned in situ rice straw was found to reduce seasonal cumulative CH4 emission (24–34% in summer; 18–28% in spring), N2O emission (21–32% in summer; 22–29% in spring) and lower rice yield (8–9%) than rice straw incorporation into top soil”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD irrigation reduced CH4 production by 22.6–41.5% relative to continuous flooding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- AWD methodse1
- Outcome
- amount of CH4 productione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 22.6–41.5%e1
- Comparator
- continuous flooding irrigation (CF)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Incorporation of rice straw mitigates CH4and N2O emissions in water saving paddy fields of Central Vietnam”
e1“AWD methods reduced the amount of CH4 production (22.6–41.5%) and increased N2O emission (25–26%) without any decrease in rice yield”
e2“in comparison to continuous flooding irrigation (CF)”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD irrigation increased N2O emission by 25–26% relative to continuous flooding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- AWD methodse1
- Outcome
- N2O emissione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 25–26%e1
- Comparator
- continuous flooding irrigation (CF)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Incorporation of rice straw mitigates CH4and N2O emissions in water saving paddy fields of Central Vietnam”
e1“AWD methods reduced the amount of CH4 production (22.6–41.5%) and increased N2O emission (25–26%) without any decrease in rice yield”
e2“in comparison to continuous flooding irrigation (CF)”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD irrigation did not decrease rice yield relative to continuous flooding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- AWD methodse1
- Outcome
- rice yielde1
- Direction
- without any decreasee1
- Comparator
- continuous flooding irrigation (CF)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Incorporation of rice straw mitigates CH4and N2O emissions in water saving paddy fields of Central Vietnam”
e1“AWD methods reduced the amount of CH4 production (22.6–41.5%) and increased N2O emission (25–26%) without any decrease in rice yield”
e2“in comparison to continuous flooding irrigation (CF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw incorporated into the top soil with AWD had higher water productivity than straw burned in situ with continuous flooding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Treatment
- Rice straw incorporation into the top soil with AWDe3
- Outcome
- water productivitye3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 23–37%e3
- Comparator
- rice straw when burned in situ with CFe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Incorporation of rice straw mitigates CH4and N2O emissions in water saving paddy fields of Central Vietnam”
e3“Rice straw incorporation into the top soil with AWD had higher water productivity (23–37%) than rice straw when burned in situ with CF”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD and rice straw management can be employed as a mitigation strategy for CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy fields.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae4
- Outcome
- mitigation strategy for CH4 and N2O emissionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Incorporation of rice straw mitigates CH4and N2O emissions in water saving paddy fields of Central Vietnam”
e4“The results conclude that AWD and rice straw management can be employed as mitigation strategy for CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy fields in Central Vietnam”
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