Abstract
Biochar is a potential carbon-rich soil amendment that improves the physicochemical properties of soil, besides acting as a controlled release fertilizer. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of biochars on rice yield, fertilizer use efficiency and recovery under water-saving irrigation by 15N isotopic tracer study. Two types of irrigation as alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and continuous flooding (CF), and four types of biochar treatments such as rice husk biochar (RHB) with 15N urea, oil palm empty fruit bunch biochar (EFBB) with 15N urea, 15N urea alone and control, were applied to assess their impact on rice. About 4% reduced grain yield with 18% improved water productivity was achieved by the AWD regime over the CF, whereas RHB and EFBB significantly increased rice yield compared to unamended soil. RHB and EFBB enhanced the water productivity up to 25.3%. The fertilizer N uptake and recovery were boosted by RHB and EFBB up to 18.8% and 24.5%, respectively. RHB and EFBB accelerated the agronomic use efficiency and partial factor productivity of N (up to 21% and 8%, respectively). RHB and EFBB profoundly enhanced the pH, the total C and N and the available N (NH4+ and NO3−) of the post-harvest soil. This study suggests that adding RHB and EFBB with urea improves fertilizer N utilization and soil N retention, and their combination with AWD could enhance rice yield with better water productivity due to their porous structure and controlled N release capacity.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
AWD irrigation reduced rice grain yield by about 4% relative to continuous flooding (CF).
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- AWD regimee1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- About 4%e1
- Comparator
- CFe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Increases Rice Yield”
e1“About 4% reduced grain yield with 18% improved water productivity was achieved by the AWD regime over the CF”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD irrigation improved water productivity by 18% relative to continuous flooding (CF).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWD regimee1
- Outcome
- water productivitye1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 18%e1
- Comparator
- CFe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Increases Rice Yield”
e1“About 4% reduced grain yield with 18% improved water productivity was achieved by the AWD regime over the CF”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice husk biochar (RHB) significantly increased rice yield compared with unamended soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- RHBe2
- Outcome
- rice yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- unamended soile2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“RHB and EFBB significantly increased rice yield compared to unamended soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil palm empty fruit bunch biochar (EFBB) significantly increased rice yield compared with unamended soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- EFBBe2
- Outcome
- rice yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- unamended soile2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“RHB and EFBB significantly increased rice yield compared to unamended soil”
Claim · model-written summary
RHB enhanced water productivity by up to 25.3%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- RHBe3
- Outcome
- water productivitye3
- Direction
- enhancede3
- Value
- up to 25.3%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Increases Rice Yield”
e3“RHB and EFBB enhanced the water productivity up to 25.3%”
Claim · model-written summary
EFBB enhanced water productivity by up to 25.3%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- EFBBe3
- Outcome
- water productivitye3
- Direction
- enhancede3
- Value
- up to 25.3%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Increases Rice Yield”
e3“RHB and EFBB enhanced the water productivity up to 25.3%”
Claim · model-written summary
RHB and EFBB boosted fertilizer N uptake by up to 18.8%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- RHB and EFBBe4
- Outcome
- fertilizer N uptakee4
- Direction
- boostede4
- Value
- up to 18.8%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Increases Rice Yield”
e4“The fertilizer N uptake and recovery were boosted by RHB and EFBB up to 18.8% and 24.5%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
RHB and EFBB boosted fertilizer N recovery by 24.5%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Increases Rice Yield”
e4“The fertilizer N uptake and recovery were boosted by RHB and EFBB up to 18.8% and 24.5%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
RHB and EFBB accelerated agronomic use efficiency of N by up to 21%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- RHB and EFBBe5
- Outcome
- agronomic use efficiencye5
- Direction
- acceleratede5
- Value
- up to 21%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Increases Rice Yield”
e5“RHB and EFBB accelerated the agronomic use efficiency and partial factor productivity of N (up to 21% and 8%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
RHB and EFBB accelerated partial factor productivity of N by up to 8%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- RHB and EFBBe5
- Outcome
- partial factor productivity of Ne5
- Direction
- acceleratede5
- Value
- 8%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Increases Rice Yield”
e5“RHB and EFBB accelerated the agronomic use efficiency and partial factor productivity of N (up to 21% and 8%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
RHB and EFBB enhanced the pH, total C and total N of the post-harvest soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- RHB and EFBBe6
- Outcome
- the pH, the total C and Ne6
- Direction
- enhancede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Increases Rice Yield”
e6“RHB and EFBB profoundly enhanced the pH, the total C and N and the available N (NH4+ and NO3−) of the post-harvest soil”
Claim · model-written summary
RHB and EFBB enhanced the available N (NH4+ and NO3−) of the post-harvest soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- RHB and EFBBe6
- Outcome
- the available N (NH4+ and NO3−)e6
- Direction
- enhancede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Increases Rice Yield”
e6“RHB and EFBB profoundly enhanced the pH, the total C and N and the available N (NH4+ and NO3−) of the post-harvest soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding RHB and EFBB with urea is suggested to improve fertilizer N utilization and soil N retention.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- adding RHB and EFBB with ureae7
- Outcome
- fertilizer N utilization and soil N retentione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Increases Rice Yield”
e7“adding RHB and EFBB with urea improves fertilizer N utilization and soil N retention”
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