Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of pendimethalin applied pre-emergence (PRE) followed by post-emergence (POST) application of imazethapyr + imazamox/quizalofop-p-ethyl for weed control and their effect on conventional soybean injury, yield attributes, and yield. Field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 in conventional soybean. Herbicide treatments provided ≥90%, 70%, and 85% control of crowfoot grass, large crabgrass, and goosegrass, respectively, and ≤80% control of false amaranth and horse purslane at 30 d after sowing (DAS). At 60 DAS, pendimethalin applied alone or followed by hand-hoeing/quizalofop-p-ethyl/imazethapyr + imazamox provided 100% control of goosegrass and 65%–100% control of crowfoot grass/large crabgrass. Pendimethalin followed by imazethapyr + imazamox/quizalofop-p-ethyl as well as quizalofop-p-ethyl applied alone resulted in complete control of crowfoot grass, large crabgrass, and goosegrass, but control of broadleaf weeds was variable. Pendimethalin followed by imazethapyr + imazamox at 70 g ha−1 at 28 DAS, imazethapyr + imazamox at 60 or 70 g ha−1 at 21 DAS followed by quizalofop-p-ethyl at 37.5 g ha−1 at 42 DAS resulted in soybean branch numbers per plant, number of pods per plant, and soybean seed yield comparable to weed-free control. Control of Benghal dayflower and purple nutsedge was not acceptable.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide treatments gave at least 90% control of crowfoot grass at 30 DAS in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Herbicide treatmentse0
- Interactor
- crowfoot grasse0weed
- Outcome
- control of crowfoot grasse0
- Value
- ≥90%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“conventional soybean”
e0“Herbicide treatments provided ≥90%, 70%, and 85% control of crowfoot grass, large crabgrass, and goosegrass, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide treatments gave 70% control of large crabgrass at 30 DAS in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Herbicide treatmentse0
- Interactor
- large crabgrasse0weed
- Outcome
- controle0
- Value
- 70%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“conventional soybean”
e0“Herbicide treatments provided ≥90%, 70%, and 85% control of crowfoot grass, large crabgrass, and goosegrass, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide treatments gave 85% control of goosegrass at 30 DAS in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Herbicide treatmentse0
- Interactor
- goosegrasse0weed
- Outcome
- controle0
- Value
- 85%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“conventional soybean”
e0“Herbicide treatments provided ≥90%, 70%, and 85% control of crowfoot grass, large crabgrass, and goosegrass, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide treatments gave at most 80% control of false amaranth and horse purslane at 30 DAS.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Herbicide treatmentse0
- Interactor
- false amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- control of false amaranth and horse purslanee0
- Value
- ≤80%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“conventional soybean”
e0“Herbicide treatments provided ≥90%, 70%, and 85% control of crowfoot grass, large crabgrass, and goosegrass, respectively, and ≤80% control of false amaranth and horse purslane at 30 d after sowing (DAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 60 DAS pendimethalin alone or followed by hand-hoeing, quizalofop-p-ethyl or imazethapyr + imazamox gave 100% control of goosegrass.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin applied alone or followed by hand-hoeing/quizalofop-p-ethyl/imazethapyr + imazamoxe0
- Interactor
- goosegrasse0weed
- Outcome
- control of goosegrasse0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“conventional soybean”
e0“At 60 DAS, pendimethalin applied alone or followed by hand-hoeing/quizalofop-p-ethyl/imazethapyr + imazamox provided 100% control of goosegrass and 65%–100% control of crowfoot grass/large crabgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
At 60 DAS the same pendimethalin programs gave 65%-100% control of crowfoot grass and large crabgrass.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin applied alone or followed by hand-hoeing/quizalofop-p-ethyl/imazethapyr + imazamoxe0
- Interactor
- crowfoot grasse0weed
- Outcome
- control of crowfoot grass/large crabgrasse0
- Value
- 65%–100%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“conventional soybean”
e0“At 60 DAS, pendimethalin applied alone or followed by hand-hoeing/quizalofop-p-ethyl/imazethapyr + imazamox provided 100% control of goosegrass and 65%–100% control of crowfoot grass/large crabgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin followed by imazethapyr + imazamox/quizalofop-p-ethyl completely controlled crowfoot grass, large crabgrass and goosegrass.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin followed by imazethapyr + imazamox/quizalofop-p-ethyle0
- Interactor
- crowfoot grasse0weed
- Outcome
- control of crowfoot grass, large crabgrass, and goosegrasse0
- Value
- completee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“conventional soybean”
e0“Pendimethalin followed by imazethapyr + imazamox/quizalofop-p-ethyl as well as quizalofop-p-ethyl applied alone resulted in complete control of crowfoot grass, large crabgrass, and goosegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Quizalofop-p-ethyl applied alone completely controlled crowfoot grass, large crabgrass and goosegrass.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- quizalofop-p-ethyl applied alonee0
- Interactor
- crowfoot grasse0weed
- Outcome
- control of crowfoot grass, large crabgrass, and goosegrasse0
- Value
- completee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“conventional soybean”
e0“Pendimethalin followed by imazethapyr + imazamox/quizalofop-p-ethyl as well as quizalofop-p-ethyl applied alone resulted in complete control of crowfoot grass, large crabgrass, and goosegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Control of broadleaf weeds was variable.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- control of broadleaf weedse0
- Qualifier
- variablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“conventional soybean”
e0“control of broadleaf weeds was variable”
Claim · model-written summary
The listed herbicide programs gave soybean branch numbers per plant, pods per plant and seed yield comparable to the weed-free control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin followed by imazethapyr + imazamox at 70 g ha−1 at 28 DAS, imazethapyr + imazamox at 60 or 70 g ha−1 at 21 DAS followed by quizalofop-p-ethyl at 37.5 g ha−1 at 42 DASe0
- Outcome
- soybean branch numbers per plant, number of pods per plant, and soybean seed yielde0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- weed-free controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“conventional soybean”
e0“Pendimethalin followed by imazethapyr + imazamox at 70 g ha−1 at 28 DAS, imazethapyr + imazamox at 60 or 70 g ha−1 at 21 DAS followed by quizalofop-p-ethyl at 37.5 g ha−1 at 42 DAS resulted in soybean branch numbers per plant, number of pods per plant, and soybean seed yield comparable to weed-free control”
Claim · model-written summary
Control of Benghal dayflower and purple nutsedge was not acceptable.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- Benghal dayflowere0weed
- Second interactor
- purple nutsedgee0weed
- Outcome
- Control of Benghal dayflower and purple nutsedgee0
- Qualifier
- not acceptablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“conventional soybean”
e0“Control of Benghal dayflower and purple nutsedge was not acceptable”
The same questions in other papers
pendimethalin · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
36 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
43 papers more in this group
See all 47 papers →Imazethapyr · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
65 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
81 papers more in this group
See all 85 papers →quizalofop-P-ethyl · control · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
pendimethalin · control · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →imazamox · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →Imazethapyr · control · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
21 papers more in this group
See all 25 papers →imazamox · control · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
quizalofop-P-ethyl · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.