Abstract
A field experiment was carried out at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute during 2010 and 2011 to investi- gate the effect of tillage and tank-mix herbicide application on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and protein content of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. It was observed that conventional (CT) and no (NT) tillage systems resulted in comparable weed density and dry weight and soybean seed yield during both years except 2010, when NT re- sulted in significantly lower weed density. Tank-mix pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.5 kg/ha + imazethapyr 0.075 kg/ha was next to weed-free check and superior to all other weed control treatments on the re- duction of weed density in both years, but, with respect to reduction in weed dry weight, it was comparable with pendimethalin 0.5 kg/ha + hand weeding, which resulted in the lowest weed dry weight after weed-free check. Ni- trogen, P and K uptake by soybean seed was comparably higher in weed-free check and tank-mix pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.5 kg/ha + imazethapyr 0.075 kg/ha in both years. Conversely, N, P and K uptake by weed was significantly higher in weedy check, and the lowest amount of these nutrients after weed-free check was observed in pendimethalin 0.5 kg/ha + imazethapyr 0.075 kg/ha. All weed control measures resulted in signifi- cantly higher soybean seed yield compared to weedy check, but the tank-mix pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.5 kg/ha + imazethapyr 0.075 kg/ha resulted in considerably higher seed yield over others in both years.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional and no tillage had comparable weed density and dry weight in both years, except weed density in 2010.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- no (NT) tillagee0
- Outcome
- weed density and dry weighte0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- conventional (CT)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conventional (CT) and no (NT) tillage systems resulted in comparable weed density and dry weight and soybean seed yield during both years except 2010, when NT re- sulted in significantly lower weed density.”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional and no tillage produced comparable soybean seed yield in both years.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- no (NT) tillagee0
- Outcome
- soybean seed yielde0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- conventional (CT)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conventional (CT) and no (NT) tillage systems resulted in comparable weed density and dry weight and soybean seed yield during both years except 2010, when NT re- sulted in significantly lower weed density.”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage lowered weed density significantly in 2010.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when NT re- sulted in significantly lower weed density.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus imazethapyr was second only to weed-free management in reducing weed density and exceeded other treatments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin 0.5 kg/ha + imazethapyr 0.075 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- re- duction of weed densitye0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- weed-free checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tank-mix pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.5 kg/ha + imazethapyr 0.075 kg/ha was next to weed-free check and superior to all other weed control treatments on the re- duction of weed density in both years”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The tank mix and pendimethalin plus hand weeding were comparable for reducing weed dry weight.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin 0.5 kg/ha + imazethapyr 0.075 kg/hae1
- Outcome
- weed dry weighte0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- pendimethalin 0.5 kg/ha + hand weedinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with respect to reduction in weed dry weight, it was comparable with pendimethalin 0.5 kg/ha + hand weeding”
t0“soybean”
e1“Tank-mix pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.5 kg/ha + imazethapyr 0.075 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus hand weeding gave the lowest weed dry weight after weed-free management.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin 0.5 kg/ha + hand weedinge0
- Outcome
- weed dry weighte0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- weed-free checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pendimethalin 0.5 kg/ha + hand weeding, which resulted in the lowest weed dry weight after weed-free check”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean seed N, P and K uptake was comparably higher with weed-free management.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- weed-free checke0
- Outcome
- Ni- trogen, P and K uptake by soybean seede0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ni- trogen, P and K uptake by soybean seed was comparably higher in weed-free check and tank-mix pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.5 kg/ha + imazethapyr 0.075 kg/ha in both years.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean seed N, P and K uptake was comparably higher with the tank mix.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin 0.5 kg/ha + imazethapyr 0.075 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- Ni- trogen, P and K uptake by soybean seede0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ni- trogen, P and K uptake by soybean seed was comparably higher in weed-free check and tank-mix pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.5 kg/ha + imazethapyr 0.075 kg/ha in both years.”
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds took up significantly more N, P and K in the weedy check.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- weedy checke0
- Outcome
- N, P and K uptake by weede0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N, P and K uptake by weed was significantly higher in weedy check”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
After weed-free management, tank mix gave the lowest weed N, P and K uptake.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin 0.5 kg/ha + imazethapyr 0.075 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- amount of these nutrientse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- weed-free checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest amount of these nutrients after weed-free check was observed in pendimethalin 0.5 kg/ha + imazethapyr 0.075 kg/ha.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Every weed-control treatment raised soybean seed yield significantly relative to the weedy check.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- All weed control measurese0
- Outcome
- soybean seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All weed control measures resulted in signifi- cantly higher soybean seed yield compared to weedy check”
Claim · model-written summary
The tank mix produced considerably higher soybean seed yield than other treatments in both years.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin 0.5 kg/ha + imazethapyr 0.075 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- otherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tank-mix pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.5 kg/ha + imazethapyr 0.075 kg/ha resulted in considerably higher seed yield over others in both years.”
t0“soybean”
The same questions in other papers
pendimethalin · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
36 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- negative
43 papers more in this group
See all 47 papers →Imazethapyr · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
65 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- negative
81 papers more in this group
See all 85 papers →Imazethapyr · nutrient: content · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →pendimethalin · weed · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
43 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
46 papers more in this group
See all 50 papers →Imazethapyr · weed · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
63 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
64 papers more in this group
See all 68 papers →pendimethalin · nutrient: content · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
herbicide · nutrient: content · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →tillage · weed · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
40 papers more in this group
See all 44 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.