Abstract
Aims The main aim of this study was to investigate the response of various physiology indexes,e.g.,chlorophyll index value(stand for the relative content of chlorophyll,SPAD value),net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),and root shoot ratio(R/S) in two genotypes of maize(Zea mays) to NH3 concentration enrichment.Methods We grew maize on Hoagland solution in PVC pots in open top chambers(OTCs).The experiment was a split-split plot design,which main treatments were two NH3 concentrations(10 and 1 000 nl·L-1).The sub-plot treatments of the experiment were two levels of nitrogen(high and low),and sub-sub-plot treatments were two N efficiency genotypes(high N efficiency,'NE5',and low N efficiency,'SD19').Air flow in OTCs was controlled by small fans and atmospheric NH3 concentration was measured accurately by two methods(NH3 determination tubes and GTL-C atmosphere detecting apparatus).Important findings Under elevated atmospheric NH3,there were significant differences(p0.05) for physiology indexes between the two varieties,'NE5' and 'SD19'.Under high N medium,compared with 10 nl·L-1 atmospheric NH3 concentration,the SPAD value,Pn and Gs of 'NE5' treated with 1 000 nl·L-1 decreased 7.0%,14.0% and 6.5%,respectively,and the corresponding targets of 'SD19' decreased 9.0%,11.0% and 6.9%,respectively.Under low N medium,various physiology indexes of the two varieties significantly increased,i.e.,the SPAD value,Pn and Gs of 'NE5' increased 5.7%,7.1% and 17%,respectively,and the relative value of 'SD19' increased 7.0%,11.0% and 22.0%,respectively.The results also demonstrated that under high N medium,the inhibition effect of increased atmospheric NH3 on 'SD19' shoot biomass was obviously lower than that of 'NE5',while under low N medium,NH3 concentration enrichment had more positive influence on 'NE5'(p0.05) than 'SD19'.Moreover,the ratio of roots to shoots of 'NE5' and 'SD19' in the two atmospheric NH3 concentrations was related to maize growth periods,i.e.,there were different changes for their root and shoot biomass in three sampling time,but still obeying certain laws.All these results indicated that the absorbed atmospheric NH3 by plants can improve crop nitrogen nutrition growing in low N medium,and there may be more significantly positive effect on low nitrogen efficiency genotypes.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Under elevated atmospheric NH3, physiology indexes differed significantly between maize genotypes NE5 and SD19.
Zea maysNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two genotypes of maize(Zea mays)”
e1“Under elevated atmospheric NH3,there were significant differences(p0.05) for physiology indexes between the two varieties,'NE5' and 'SD19'”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high N, the SPAD value of NE5 decreased by 7.0% at 1 000 nl·L-1 NH3 compared with 10 nl·L-1.
- Material
- NE5e1
- Treatment
- 1 000 nl·L-1e1
- Outcome
- SPAD valuee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 7.0%e1
- Qualifier
- high N mediume1
- Comparator
- 10 nl·L-1 atmospheric NH3 concentratione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two genotypes of maize(Zea mays)”
e1“Under high N medium,compared with 10 nl·L-1 atmospheric NH3 concentration,the SPAD value,Pn and Gs of 'NE5' treated with 1 000 nl·L-1 decreased 7.0%,14.0% and 6.5%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high N, Pn of NE5 decreased by 14.0% at 1 000 nl·L-1 NH3 compared with 10 nl·L-1.
- Material
- NE5e1
- Treatment
- 1 000 nl·L-1e1
- Outcome
- Pne1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 14.0%e1
- Qualifier
- high N mediume1
- Comparator
- 10 nl·L-1 atmospheric NH3 concentratione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two genotypes of maize(Zea mays)”
e1“Under high N medium,compared with 10 nl·L-1 atmospheric NH3 concentration,the SPAD value,Pn and Gs of 'NE5' treated with 1 000 nl·L-1 decreased 7.0%,14.0% and 6.5%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high N, Gs of NE5 decreased by 6.5% at 1 000 nl·L-1 NH3 compared with 10 nl·L-1.
- Material
- NE5e1
- Treatment
- 1 000 nl·L-1e1
- Outcome
- Gse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 6.5%e1
- Qualifier
- high N mediume1
- Comparator
- 10 nl·L-1 atmospheric NH3 concentratione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two genotypes of maize(Zea mays)”
e1“Under high N medium,compared with 10 nl·L-1 atmospheric NH3 concentration,the SPAD value,Pn and Gs of 'NE5' treated with 1 000 nl·L-1 decreased 7.0%,14.0% and 6.5%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high N, SPAD value of SD19 decreased by 9.0% at 1 000 nl·L-1 NH3 compared with 10 nl·L-1.
- Material
- SD19e2
- Treatment
- 1 000 nl·L-1e1
- Outcome
- SPAD valuee1
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 9.0%e2
- Qualifier
- high N mediume1
- Comparator
- 10 nl·L-1 atmospheric NH3 concentratione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two genotypes of maize(Zea mays)”
e1“Under high N medium,compared with 10 nl·L-1 atmospheric NH3 concentration,the SPAD value,Pn and Gs of 'NE5' treated with 1 000 nl·L-1 decreased 7.0%,14.0% and 6.5%,respectively”
e2“and the corresponding targets of 'SD19' decreased 9.0%,11.0% and 6.9%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high N, Pn of SD19 decreased by 11.0% at 1 000 nl·L-1 NH3 compared with 10 nl·L-1.
- Material
- SD19e2
- Treatment
- 1 000 nl·L-1e1
- Outcome
- Pne1
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 11.0%e2
- Qualifier
- high N mediume1
- Comparator
- 10 nl·L-1 atmospheric NH3 concentratione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two genotypes of maize(Zea mays)”
e1“Under high N medium,compared with 10 nl·L-1 atmospheric NH3 concentration,the SPAD value,Pn and Gs of 'NE5' treated with 1 000 nl·L-1 decreased 7.0%,14.0% and 6.5%,respectively”
e2“and the corresponding targets of 'SD19' decreased 9.0%,11.0% and 6.9%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high N, Gs of SD19 decreased by 6.9% at 1 000 nl·L-1 NH3 compared with 10 nl·L-1.
- Material
- SD19e2
- Treatment
- 1 000 nl·L-1e1
- Outcome
- Gse1
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 6.9%e2
- Qualifier
- high N mediume1
- Comparator
- 10 nl·L-1 atmospheric NH3 concentratione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two genotypes of maize(Zea mays)”
e1“Under high N medium,compared with 10 nl·L-1 atmospheric NH3 concentration,the SPAD value,Pn and Gs of 'NE5' treated with 1 000 nl·L-1 decreased 7.0%,14.0% and 6.5%,respectively”
e2“and the corresponding targets of 'SD19' decreased 9.0%,11.0% and 6.9%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low N, SPAD value of NE5 increased by 5.7% with elevated NH3.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two genotypes of maize(Zea mays)”
e1“Under low N medium,various physiology indexes of the two varieties significantly increased,i.e.,the SPAD value,Pn and Gs of 'NE5' increased 5.7%,7.1% and 17%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low N, Pn of NE5 increased by 7.1% with elevated NH3.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two genotypes of maize(Zea mays)”
e1“Under low N medium,various physiology indexes of the two varieties significantly increased,i.e.,the SPAD value,Pn and Gs of 'NE5' increased 5.7%,7.1% and 17%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low N, Gs of NE5 increased by 17% with elevated NH3.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two genotypes of maize(Zea mays)”
e1“Under low N medium,various physiology indexes of the two varieties significantly increased,i.e.,the SPAD value,Pn and Gs of 'NE5' increased 5.7%,7.1% and 17%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low N, SPAD value of SD19 increased by 7.0% with elevated NH3.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two genotypes of maize(Zea mays)”
e1“Under low N medium,various physiology indexes of the two varieties significantly increased,i.e.,the SPAD value,Pn and Gs of 'NE5' increased 5.7%,7.1% and 17%,respectively”
e2“and the relative value of 'SD19' increased 7.0%,11.0% and 22.0%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low N, Pn of SD19 increased by 11.0% with elevated NH3.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two genotypes of maize(Zea mays)”
e1“Under low N medium,various physiology indexes of the two varieties significantly increased,i.e.,the SPAD value,Pn and Gs of 'NE5' increased 5.7%,7.1% and 17%,respectively”
e2“and the relative value of 'SD19' increased 7.0%,11.0% and 22.0%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low N, Gs of SD19 increased by 22.0% with elevated NH3.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two genotypes of maize(Zea mays)”
e1“Under low N medium,various physiology indexes of the two varieties significantly increased,i.e.,the SPAD value,Pn and Gs of 'NE5' increased 5.7%,7.1% and 17%,respectively”
e2“and the relative value of 'SD19' increased 7.0%,11.0% and 22.0%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high N, the inhibition of SD19 shoot biomass by increased NH3 was lower than that of NE5.
- Material
- SD19e1
- Treatment
- increased atmospheric NH3e1
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Qualifier
- high N mediume1
- Comparator
- NE5e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two genotypes of maize(Zea mays)”
e1“under high N medium,the inhibition effect of increased atmospheric NH3 on 'SD19' shoot biomass was obviously lower than that of 'NE5'”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low N, NH3 enrichment had a more positive influence on NE5 than on SD19.
- Material
- NE5e1
- Treatment
- NH3 concentration enrichmente1
- Outcome
- positive influencee1
- Direction
- more positivee1
- Qualifier
- low N mediume1
- Comparator
- SD19e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two genotypes of maize(Zea mays)”
e1“under low N medium,NH3 concentration enrichment had more positive influence on 'NE5'(p0.05) than 'SD19'”
Claim · model-written summary
The ratio of roots to shoots of NE5 and SD19 was related to maize growth period under both NH3 concentrations.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two genotypes of maize(Zea mays)”
e1“the ratio of roots to shoots of 'NE5' and 'SD19' in the two atmospheric NH3 concentrations was related to maize growth periods”
Claim · model-written summary
Absorbed atmospheric NH3 may improve crop nitrogen nutrition in low N medium.
- Treatment
- absorbed atmospheric NH3e1
- Outcome
- crop nitrogen nutritione1
- Direction
- improvee1
- Qualifier
- low N mediume1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two genotypes of maize(Zea mays)”
e1“the absorbed atmospheric NH3 by plants can improve crop nitrogen nutrition growing in low N medium”
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