Abstract
Abstract Sixteen inbred lines and one hybrid of manse were tested for their capability of somatic embryogenesis, and fully developed plants could be regenerated, from ten inbred, lines. The highest frequency of plant regeneration was expressed in the inbred line CHI 31, and when this line was crossed with a recalcitrant, non‐regenerating line, the F 1 and BC hybrids were regenerable. The results of reciprocal crosses demonstrated that dominant nuclear genes and cytoplasmic factors are primarily responsible for the heritable determination of embryogenic callus proliferation and in vitro regeneration of maize plants. Somaclonal and radiation‐induced variability was studied in maize to assess their nature and potential contribution to plant breeding., The inbred line CHI 31 possessing a high in vitro capacity of somatic embryo formation was used as experiments.] material. CHI 31 plants were selfed and twelve‐day old zygotic embryos irradiated with 60 Co gamma radiation in situ. Mature caryopses were harvested and assigned as M 1 material. In another series, immature zygotic embryos (size 1.2—1.5 mm) were cultured in vitro on N‐6 medium supplemented with 2,4‐D (2.5 μM), and somatic embryos regenerated into plants; these were transplanted into soil and self‐pollinated. Regenerants from non‐irradiated cultures were grown as R 1 generation, while regenerants from irradiated explants were considered as M 1 R 1 generation. The genetic variability was evaluated in the M 2 , R 2 and M 2 R 2 generations, respectively, and compared with a non‐treated seed control. Irradiation induced a variety of chlorophyll and morphological variants segregating in the M; generation; however, the frequency of deviant types obtained in the R: generation (somaclonal variation) was significantly exceeding the one derived from the M 2 populations. The combination of expert irradiation and in vitro regeneration was most effective for the manifestation of chlorophyll and morphological o if types in the M 2 R 2 generation, and increased drastically the frequency of early flowering variants. Differences in the segregation patterns of mutant phenotypes amonsister somaclones in the R 3 and M 3 R 3 generations indicate a different genetic basis, of plants originating from the same explant. This phenomenon suggests a mutational sectoring of the callus during culture. Radiation induced and somaclonal variation exerted a similar spectrum of chlorophyll and morphological deviants.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The inbred line CHI 31 had the highest frequency of plant regeneration.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Somatic Embryogenesis in Maize”
e1“The highest frequency of plant regeneration was expressed in the inbred line CHI 31”
Claim · model-written summary
Fully developed maize plants could be regenerated from ten of the inbred lines tested.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Somatic Embryogenesis in Maize”
e2“fully developed plants could be regenerated, from ten inbred, lines”
Claim · model-written summary
Dominant nuclear genes and cytoplasmic factors are primarily responsible for the heritable determination of embryogenic callus proliferation and in vitro regeneration of maize.
- Gene
- dominant nuclear genese3
- Outcome
- heritable determination of embryogenic callus proliferation and in vitro regeneratione3
- Qualifier
- cytoplasmic factorse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Somatic Embryogenesis in Maize”
e3“The results of reciprocal crosses demonstrated that dominant nuclear genes and cytoplasmic factors are primarily responsible for the heritable determination of embryogenic callus proliferation and in vitro regeneration of maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiation induced a variety of chlorophyll and morphological variants segregating in the M2 generation.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Somatic Embryogenesis in Maize”
e4“Irradiation induced a variety of chlorophyll and morphological variants segregating in the M; generation”
Claim · model-written summary
Deviant types in the R generation (somaclonal variation) occurred significantly more often than in the M2 populations.
- Treatment
- R: generatione5
- Outcome
- frequency of deviant typese5
- Direction
- exceedinge5
- Comparator
- M 2 populationse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Somatic Embryogenesis in Maize”
e5“the frequency of deviant types obtained in the R: generation (somaclonal variation) was significantly exceeding the one derived from the M 2 populations”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of irradiation and in vitro regeneration was most effective for manifesting chlorophyll variants in the M2R2 generation.
- Treatment
- combination of expert irradiation and in vitro regeneratione6
- Outcome
- manifestation of chlorophylle6
- Direction
- most effectivee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Somatic Embryogenesis in Maize”
e6“The combination of expert irradiation and in vitro regeneration was most effective for the manifestation of chlorophyll”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of irradiation and in vitro regeneration drastically increased the frequency of early flowering variants.
- Treatment
- combination of expert irradiation and in vitro regeneratione6
- Outcome
- frequency of early flowering variantse7
- Direction
- increased drasticallye7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Somatic Embryogenesis in Maize”
e6“The combination of expert irradiation and in vitro regeneration”
e7“and increased drastically the frequency of early flowering variants”
Claim · model-written summary
Segregation patterns of mutant phenotypes among sister somaclones indicate a different genetic basis for plants from the same explant.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Somatic Embryogenesis in Maize”
e7“Differences in the segregation patterns of mutant phenotypes amonsister somaclones in the R 3 and M 3 R 3 generations indicate a different genetic basis”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutational sectoring of the callus during culture is suggested as the cause of the differing segregation patterns.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Somatic Embryogenesis in Maize”
e1“This phenomenon suggests a mutational sectoring of the callus during culture”
Claim · model-written summary
Radiation-induced and somaclonal variation produced a similar spectrum of chlorophyll and morphological deviants.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Somatic Embryogenesis in Maize”
e1“Radiation induced and somaclonal variation exerted a similar spectrum of chlorophyll and morphological deviants”
Claim · model-written summary
F1 and BC hybrids from crosses of CHI 31 with a non-regenerating line were regenerable.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Somatic Embryogenesis in Maize”
e1“the F 1 and BC hybrids were regenerable”
The same questions in other papers
in vitro · phenology · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
in vitro · physiology: pigments · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →radiation · physiology: pigments · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.