Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for crops. Plants have developed several responses to N fluctuations, thus optimizing the root architecture in response to N availability. Nitrate and ammonium are the main inorganic N forms taken up by plants, and act as both nutrients and signals, affecting gene expression and plant development. In this study, RNA-sequencing was applied to gain comprehensive information on the pathways underlying the response of maize root, pre-treated in an N-deprived solution, to the provision of nitrate or ammonium. The analysis of the transcriptome shows that nitrate and ammonium regulate overlapping and distinct pathways, thus leading to different responses. Ammonium activates the response to stress, while nitrate acts as a negative regulator of transmembrane transport. Both the N-source repress genes related to the cytoskeleton and reactive oxygen species detoxification. Moreover, the presence of ammonium induces the accumulation of anthocyanins, while also reducing biomass and chlorophyll and flavonoids accumulation. Furthermore, the later physiological effects of these nutrients were evaluated through the assessment of shoot and root growth, leaf pigment content and the amino acid concentrations in root and shoot, confirming the existence of common and distinct features in response to the two nitrogen forms.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate and ammonium regulated overlapping and distinct pathways in maize roots.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The analysis of the transcriptome shows that nitrate and ammonium regulate overlapping and distinct pathways, thus leading to different responses.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium activated stress-response transcription in maize roots.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammonium activates the response to stress”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate negatively regulated transmembrane-transport transcription in maize roots.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrate acts as a negative regulator of transmembrane transport”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Both nitrogen sources repressed genes related to the cytoskeleton and reactive oxygen species detoxification in maize roots.
- Treatment
- Both the N-sourcee0
- Outcome
- genes related to the cytoskeleton and reactive oxygen species detoxificatione0
- Direction
- represse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both the N-source repress genes related to the cytoskeleton and reactive oxygen species detoxification.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium induced anthocyanin accumulation in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the presence of ammonium induces the accumulation of anthocyanins”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium reduced maize biomass.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the presence of ammonium induces the accumulation of anthocyanins, while also reducing biomass and chlorophyll and flavonoids accumulation”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium reduced maize chlorophyll accumulation.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the presence of ammonium induces the accumulation of anthocyanins, while also reducing biomass and chlorophyll and flavonoids accumulation”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium reduced maize flavonoid accumulation.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the presence of ammonium induces the accumulation of anthocyanins, while also reducing biomass and chlorophyll and flavonoids accumulation”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Later measurements of growth, leaf pigments, and amino acids confirmed shared and distinct maize responses to nitrate and ammonium.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the later physiological effects of these nutrients were evaluated through the assessment of shoot and root growth, leaf pigment content and the amino acid concentrations in root and shoot, confirming the existence of common and distinct features in response to the two nitrogen forms.”
t0“Maize”
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