Abstract
SummaryTwo apple cultivars, Cox’s Orange Pippin and Worcester Pearmain, were sprayed at high volume for scab control in two seasons with either captan or thiram, with dinocap to control mildew. On Worcester, it was confirmed that thiram reduced crop and increased fruit russet and bitter pit incidence; the proportion of misshapen fruits was also increased. On Cox, thiram reduced crop number, without any compensatory increase in weight, and provided inferior scab control as well as increasing fruit russet.The application of commercial calcium nitrate (C.C.N.) four times between mid-June and mid-August led to a considerable reduction in the incidence of bitter pit and storage rots in fruits from trees sprayed with captan and dinocap; it also partially offset the greater incidence of bitter pit associated with thiram treatments. In contrast to this, the application of a similar total amount of calcium, either in the form of a standard lime sulphur programme or by adding C.C.N, to the organic fungicide programmes for scab control, i.e. from April to mid-July, failed to reduce the incidence of bitter pit on either cultivar. Neither C.C.N, programme affected cropping, fruit russeting or scab control on either cultivar.The ratio of potassium to calcium was higher in leaves and fruits from Worcester trees receiving thiram than in those from trees receiving captan; the application of C.C.N, in the summer reduced this ratio in fruits from trees receiving captan but not in those from trees receiving thiram, although it reduced the incidence of bitter pit associated with both fungicide programmes.Results on Cox show that fungicide deposition and control of scab were independent of fungicide formulation and of the presence or absence of C.C.N. ; mildew control was not affected when C.C.N, was applied as the recommended summer programme.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Thiram reduced Worcester crop.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“On Worcester, it was confirmed that thiram reduced crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiram increased Worcester fruit russet and bitter pit.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“On Worcester, it was confirmed that thiram reduced crop and increased fruit russet and bitter pit incidence”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiram increased misshapen Worcester fruit.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- thirame0
- Outcome
- proportion of misshapen fruitse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thiram reduced crop and increased fruit russet and bitter pit incidence; the proportion of misshapen fruits was also increased”
t0“fungicides with calcium nitrate and the incidence of bitter pit and fungal diseases of apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiram reduced Cox crop number without increased weight.
- Taxon
- Coxe0
- Treatment
- thirame0
- Outcome
- crop numbere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- without any compensatory increase in weighte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“On Cox, thiram reduced crop number, without any compensatory increase in weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiram gave inferior scab control and increased russet on Cox.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat1
- Treatment
- thirame0
- Interactor
- scabe0pathogen
- Outcome
- scab controle0
- Direction
- inferiore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thiram reduced crop number, without any compensatory increase in weight, and provided inferior scab control as well as increasing fruit russet”
t0“On Cox”
t1“of apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer calcium nitrate reduced bitter pit and storage rots under captan and dinocap.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- commercial calcium nitrate (C.C.N.) four times between mid-June and mid-Auguste0
- Outcome
- incidence of bitter pit and storage rotse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- trees sprayed with captan and dinocape0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of commercial calcium nitrate (C.C.N.) four times between mid-June and mid-August led to a considerable reduction in the incidence of bitter pit and storage rots in fruits from trees sprayed with captan and dinocap”
t0“of apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer calcium nitrate partly offset thiram-associated bitter pit.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- calcium nitratet0
- Outcome
- incidence of bitter pite0
- Direction
- partially offsete0
- Qualifier
- thiram treatmentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it also partially offset the greater incidence of bitter pit associated with thiram treatments”
t0“fungicides with calcium nitrate and the incidence of bitter pit and fungal diseases of apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Earlier calcium applications failed to reduce bitter pit in either cultivar.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- a similar total amount of calciume0
- Outcome
- incidence of bitter pite0
- Direction
- failed to reducee0
- Qualifier
- either cultivare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of a similar total amount of calcium, either in the form of a standard lime sulphur programme or by adding C.C.N, to the organic fungicide programmes for scab control, i.e. from April to mid-July, failed to reduce the incidence of bitter pit on either cultivar”
t0“of apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate programs did not affect cropping, russeting or scab control.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- C.C.N, programmee0
- Outcome
- cropping, fruit russeting or scab controle0
- Direction
- Neithere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither C.C.N, programme affected cropping, fruit russeting or scab control on either cultivar”
t0“of apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Worcester thiram trees had higher leaf and fruit potassium to calcium ratios than captan trees.
Verbatim
e0“The ratio of potassium to calcium was higher in leaves and fruits from Worcester trees receiving thiram than in those from trees receiving captan”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer calcium nitrate reduced fruit potassium to calcium ratio under captan but not thiram.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- C.C.N, in the summere0
- Outcome
- ratioe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- trees receiving captan but not in those from trees receiving thirame0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of C.C.N, in the summer reduced this ratio in fruits from trees receiving captan but not in those from trees receiving thiram”
t0“of apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide deposition and scab control on Cox were independent of formulation and calcium nitrate.
Verbatim
e0“Results on Cox show that fungicide deposition and control of scab were independent of fungicide formulation and of the presence or absence of C.C.N.”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer calcium nitrate did not affect mildew control.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- C.C.N,e0
- Outcome
- mildew controle0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mildew control was not affected when C.C.N, was applied as the recommended summer programme”
t0“of apple”
The same questions in other papers
calcium atom · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
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- positive
- positive
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See all 39 papers →thiram · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
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calcium nitrate · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.