Abstract
Post-harvest treatment of apples with calcium chloride markedly reduced bitter pit and breakdown in several cultivars during three seasons in Australia and New Zealand. Infiltration of calcium chloride at pressures above or below atmospheric pressure improved the control over that obtained by simple immersion of the fruit in the calcium chloride solution, and was effective in the absence of the usual field sprays of calcium nitrate. These new treatments retained much of their effectiveness when the fruit were afterwards rinsed with water to reduce the risk of injury to the fruit or the grading equipment. The treatments were effective whether the fruit had open or closed calyces, but there were problems of excessive uptake and internal damage with some fruit having an open calyx. Commercial development of the process for closed calyx varieties such as Cox's Orange Pippin or Granny Smith is in progress. For the 3–4 month period required for export, the use of a lower temperature (0° instead of 3°C) improved the control of bitter pit, and a post-harvest calcium treatment reduced the incidence of low temperature breakdown.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride markedly reduced apple bitter pit.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticae0 - Treatment
- calcium chloridee0
- Outcome
- bitter pite0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- Australia and New Zealande0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Post-harvest treatment of apples with calcium chloride markedly reduced bitter pit and breakdown in several cultivars during three seasons in Australia and New Zealand.”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride markedly reduced apple breakdown.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- calcium chloridee0
- Outcome
- breakdowne0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- Australia and New Zealande0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Post-harvest treatment of apples with calcium chloride markedly reduced bitter pit and breakdown in several cultivars during three seasons in Australia and New Zealand.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pressure infiltration improved disorder control over immersion.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Infiltration of calcium chloride at pressures above or below atmospheric pressuree0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- simple immersion of the fruit in the calcium chloride solutione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infiltration of calcium chloride at pressures above or below atmospheric pressure improved the control over that obtained by simple immersion of the fruit in the calcium chloride solution”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium infiltration remained effective without field calcium nitrate sprays.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- calcium chloridet0
- Outcome
- effectivee0
- Qualifier
- absence of the usual field sprays of calcium nitratee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was effective in the absence of the usual field sprays of calcium nitrate”
t0“calcium chloride and storage temperature on the incidence of bitter pit and low temperature breakdown of apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments retained much effectiveness after fruit were rinsed with water.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- fruit were afterwards rinsed with watere0
- Outcome
- effectivenesse0
- Direction
- retainede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These new treatments retained much of their effectiveness when the fruit were afterwards rinsed with water”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments were effective for fruit with either open or closed calyces.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- effectivee0
- Qualifier
- open or closed calycese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments were effective whether the fruit had open or closed calyces”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Some open-calyx fruit had excessive uptake and internal damage.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- excessive uptake and internal damagee0
- Qualifier
- open calyxe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were problems of excessive uptake and internal damage with some fruit having an open calyx”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Storage at 0° rather than 3°C improved bitter pit control over 3–4 months.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 0°e0
- Outcome
- control of bitter pite0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- 3–4 month periode0
- Comparator
- 3°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For the 3–4 month period required for export, the use of a lower temperature (0° instead of 3°C) improved the control of bitter pit”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Postharvest calcium treatment reduced low temperature breakdown.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- post-harvest calcium treatmente0
- Outcome
- incidence of low temperature breakdowne0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a post-harvest calcium treatment reduced the incidence of low temperature breakdown”
t0“apples”
The same questions in other papers
calcium atom · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
27 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
35 papers more in this group
See all 39 papers →calcium chloride dihydrate · control · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.