Abstract
SUMMARY Immersion of apples of the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and James Grieve for 1 min in solutions of calcium chloride or nitrate reduced the incidence of bitter pit and senescent breakdown that developed during air storage at 3 °C. Calcium nitrate treatments decreased the severity of superficial scald in both Bramley's Seedling and Cox apples probably by slightly delaying the rate of senescence. Calcium chloride caused unacceptable levels of damage when applied to Cox and Grieve at concentrations above 0.125 M; this injury was enhanced in Cox when benomyl was added to this strength of solution. Bramley's Seedling apples were more sensitive to calcium injury than Cox, especially in the presence of benomyl and the scald inhibitor, ethoxyquin; diphenylamine did not increase calcium injury. Calcium nitrate caused more damage to Cox than equimolar concentrations of the chloride without improving the control of bitter pit. Virtually no damage occurred when Cox and Grieve apples were immersed for 10 min in 0.125 M calcium nitrate at 45 °C. The incorporation of calcium in warm water treatments to control rotting and scald may delay sensecent breakdown in heat‐treated apples.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium immersion reduced bitter pit in Cox and James Grieve apples.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticae0 - Material
- Cox's Orange Pippin and James Grievee0
- Treatment
- calcium chloride or nitratee0
- Outcome
- incidence of bitter pite0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- air storage at 3 °Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Immersion of apples of the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and James Grieve for 1 min in solutions of calcium chloride or nitrate reduced the incidence of bitter pit and senescent breakdown that developed during air storage at 3 °C.”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium immersion reduced senescent breakdown in Cox and James Grieve apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- calcium chloride or nitratee0
- Outcome
- senescent breakdowne0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Immersion of apples of the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and James Grieve for 1 min in solutions of calcium chloride or nitrate reduced the incidence of bitter pit and senescent breakdown that developed during air storage at 3 °C.”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate decreased superficial scald severity in Bramley and Cox apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Calcium nitrate treatmentse0
- Outcome
- severity of superficial scalde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium nitrate treatments decreased the severity of superficial scald in both Bramley's Seedling and Cox apples probably by slightly delaying the rate of senescence.”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride above 0.125 M caused unacceptable injury in Cox and Grieve apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Cox and Grievee0
- Treatment
- Calcium chloridee0
- Outcome
- unacceptable levels of damagee0
- Qualifier
- concentrations above 0.125 Me0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium chloride caused unacceptable levels of damage when applied to Cox and Grieve at concentrations above 0.125 M; this injury was enhanced in Cox when benomyl was added to this strength of solution.”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Benomyl enhanced calcium injury in Cox apples.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this injury was enhanced in Cox when benomyl was added to this strength of solution.”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Bramley apples were more sensitive to calcium injury than Cox apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Bramley's Seedlinge0
- Outcome
- calcium injurye0
- Direction
- more sensitivee0
- Comparator
- Coxe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bramley's Seedling apples were more sensitive to calcium injury than Cox, especially in the presence of benomyl and the scald inhibitor, ethoxyquin; diphenylamine did not increase calcium injury.”
Claim · model-written summary
Diphenylamine did not increase calcium injury.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- diphenylaminee0
- Outcome
- calcium injurye0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diphenylamine did not increase calcium injury.”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate damaged Cox apples more than equimolar calcium chloride.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Calcium nitratee0
- Outcome
- damagee0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- equimolar concentrations of the chloridee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium nitrate caused more damage to Cox than equimolar concentrations of the chloride without improving the control of bitter pit.”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate did not improve bitter pit control over equimolar calcium chloride.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Calcium nitratee0
- Outcome
- control of bitter pite0
- Direction
- without improvinge0
- Comparator
- equimolar concentrations of the chloridee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium nitrate caused more damage to Cox than equimolar concentrations of the chloride without improving the control of bitter pit.”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten minute immersion in warm calcium nitrate caused virtually no damage in Cox and Grieve apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- 0.125 M calcium nitrate at 45 °Ce0
- Outcome
- Virtually no damagee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virtually no damage occurred when Cox and Grieve apples were immersed for 10 min in 0.125 M calcium nitrate at 45 °C.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed calcium in warm water treatments may delay senescent breakdown.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- incorporation of calcium in warm water treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The incorporation of calcium in warm water treatments to control rotting and scald may delay sensecent breakdown in heat‐treated apples.”
The same questions in other papers
calcium chloride dihydrate · pest · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
diphenylamine · crop injury · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →benomyl · crop injury · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
calcium nitrate · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
calcium chloride dihydrate · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
31 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
28 papers more in this group
See all 32 papers →nitrogen · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
20 papers more in this group
See all 24 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.