Abstract
SummaryRooting of apple and plum cuttings in response to IBA applied in powder formulation was influenced by factors operating at the interface of the powder and the cutting stem. Decreasing coverage by applying IBA in granular form decreased rooting compared to the response to powder treatment, and increasing the loading of powder by pre-wetting the base increased rooting. A 50% aqueous solution of acetone, ethanol or methylated spirit was more effective than water but less effective than dimethylsulphoxide as a pre-wetting agent, but in general this method failed to produce as high rooting responses as dipping directly into solutions of IBA in the same solvents. Powder formulations retained on the cutting base for longer than 18 h could increase rooting further. Application of IBA to the cut base of the stem was more effective than to the proximal epidermis when powder was preceded by an organic solvent, as is the case when cuttings are dipped directly into IBA solution. However, IBA in powder formulation applied to the epidermis was relatively more effective at inducing rooting than when applied as a liquid dip and many roots emerged through the previously-treated epidermis.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Granular IBA coverage reduced rooting compared with powder treatment.
- Taxon
- apple and plum
Malus domestica
Prunus domesticat0 - Treatment
- IBA in granular forme0
- Outcome
- rootinge0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- powder treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decreasing coverage by applying IBA in granular form decreased rooting compared to the response to powder treatment”
t0“apple and plum”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-wetting the cutting base increased rooting by loading more IBA powder.
- Taxon
- apple and plumMalus domesticaPrunus domesticat0
- Treatment
- pre-wetting the basee0
- Outcome
- rootinge0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing the loading of powder by pre-wetting the base increased rooting”
t0“apple and plum”
Claim · model-written summary
Aqueous organic pre-wetting agents were more effective than water and less effective than dimethylsulphoxide.
- Taxon
- apple and plumMalus domesticaPrunus domesticat0
- Treatment
- A 50% aqueous solution of acetone, ethanol or methylated spirite0
- Outcome
- pre-wetting agente0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 50% aqueous solution of acetone, ethanol or methylated spirit was more effective than water but less effective than dimethylsulphoxide as a pre-wetting agent”
t0“apple and plum”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-wetting generally gave lower rooting responses than direct IBA solution dips.
- Taxon
- apple and plumMalus domesticaPrunus domesticat0
- Treatment
- this methode0
- Outcome
- rooting responsese0
- Direction
- failed to produce as highe0
- Comparator
- dipping directly into solutions of IBA in the same solventse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this method failed to produce as high rooting responses as dipping directly into solutions of IBA in the same solvents”
t0“apple and plum”
Claim · model-written summary
Retaining powder on the cutting base for over 18 hours could further increase rooting.
- Taxon
- apple and plumMalus domesticaPrunus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Powder formulations retained on the cutting base for longer than 18 he0
- Outcome
- rootinge0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Powder formulations retained on the cutting base for longer than 18 h could increase rooting further”
t0“apple and plum”
Claim · model-written summary
With an organic solvent, IBA on the cut stem base rooted better than IBA on proximal epidermis.
- Taxon
- apple and plumMalus domesticaPrunus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Application of IBA to the cut base of the steme0
- Outcome
- more effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- the proximal epidermise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of IBA to the cut base of the stem was more effective than to the proximal epidermis when powder was preceded by an organic solvent”
t0“apple and plum”
Claim · model-written summary
IBA powder on epidermis induced rooting relatively better than a liquid dip.
- Taxon
- apple and plumMalus domesticaPrunus domesticat0
- Treatment
- IBA in powder formulation applied to the epidermise0
- Outcome
- inducing rootinge0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- a liquid dipe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IBA in powder formulation applied to the epidermis was relatively more effective at inducing rooting than when applied as a liquid dip”
t0“apple and plum”
Claim · model-written summary
Many roots emerged through the previously treated epidermis.
- Taxon
- apple and plumMalus domesticaPrunus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- epidermise0
- Outcome
- roots emergede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“many roots emerged through the previously-treated epidermis”
t0“apple and plum”
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