Abstract
Abstract Apple cultivar cuttings, prepared from shoots proliferated in vitro, initiated roots readily when placed for 3–7 days in the dark in a liquid medium containing only 43.8 m m sucrose and 1.5 μM indolebutyric acid (IBA). Raising the temperature during dark treatment from 25° to 30°C improved rooting for several cultivars. The addition of half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts or of phloroglucinol (PG) to the rooting medium did not improve rooting. IBA was the most effective auxin tried and indoleacetic acid (IAA) the least effective. Maintaining the cultures in the dark for more than 6 days improved rooting of only 1 cultivar and after 9 days rooting percentages sometimes decreased. More than 80% rooting was obtained with ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Mutsu’ after only 4 subcultures (4–5 months in culture), whereas some other cultivars in culture for a much longer time rooted no better or not as well. Roots that were initiated in liquid medium elongated after cuttings were inserted into preformed peat plugs. The resulting plantlets acclimated easily for transfer to greenhouse conditions.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Apple cuttings rooted readily after 3–7 dark days in liquid sucrose and IBA medium.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticae0e1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple cultivar cuttings, prepared from shoots proliferated in vitro, initiated roots readily when placed for 3–7 days in the dark in a liquid medium containing only 43.8 m m sucrose and 1.5 μM indolebutyric acid (IBA).”
e1“Raising the temperature during dark treatment from 25° to 30°C improved rooting for several cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing dark-treatment temperature from 25° to 30°C improved rooting in several cultivars.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae0t0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Raising the temperature during dark treatment from 25° to 30°C improved rooting for several cultivars.”
t0“Apple Cultivars”
e1“Raising the temperature during dark treatment from 25° to 30°C improved rooting for several cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Half-strength MS salts did not improve rooting.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae0t0e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts or of phloroglucinol (PG) to the rooting medium did not improve rooting.”
t0“Apple Cultivars”
e1“Raising the temperature during dark treatment from 25° to 30°C improved rooting for several cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phloroglucinol did not improve rooting.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae0t0e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts or of phloroglucinol (PG) to the rooting medium did not improve rooting.”
t0“Apple Cultivars”
e1“Raising the temperature during dark treatment from 25° to 30°C improved rooting for several cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
IBA was the most effective tested auxin for rooting.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae0t0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IBA was the most effective auxin tried and indoleacetic acid (IAA) the least effective.”
t0“Apple Cultivars”
e1“Raising the temperature during dark treatment from 25° to 30°C improved rooting for several cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA was the least effective tested auxin for rooting.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae0t0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IBA was the most effective auxin tried and indoleacetic acid (IAA) the least effective.”
t0“Apple Cultivars”
e1“Raising the temperature during dark treatment from 25° to 30°C improved rooting for several cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
More than six dark days improved rooting in only one cultivar.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae0t0e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maintaining the cultures in the dark for more than 6 days improved rooting of only 1 cultivar”
t0“Apple Cultivars”
e1“Raising the temperature during dark treatment from 25° to 30°C improved rooting for several cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
After nine dark days, rooting percentages sometimes decreased.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae0t0e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after 9 days rooting percentages sometimes decreased.”
t0“Apple Cultivars”
e1“Raising the temperature during dark treatment from 25° to 30°C improved rooting for several cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
McIntosh exceeded 80% rooting after four subcultures.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae0t0e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More than 80% rooting was obtained with ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Mutsu’ after only 4 subcultures (4–5 months in culture)”
t0“Apple Cultivars”
e1“Raising the temperature during dark treatment from 25° to 30°C improved rooting for several cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutsu exceeded 80% rooting after four subcultures.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae0t0e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More than 80% rooting was obtained with ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Mutsu’ after only 4 subcultures (4–5 months in culture)”
t0“Apple Cultivars”
e1“Raising the temperature during dark treatment from 25° to 30°C improved rooting for several cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Other cultivars cultured much longer rooted no better or worse.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae0t0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some other cultivars in culture for a much longer time rooted no better or not as well.”
t0“Apple Cultivars”
e1“Raising the temperature during dark treatment from 25° to 30°C improved rooting for several cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots initiated in liquid medium elongated after cuttings were placed in peat plugs.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae0t0e1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Roots that were initiated in liquid medium elongated after cuttings were inserted into preformed peat plugs.”
t0“Apple Cultivars”
e1“Raising the temperature during dark treatment from 25° to 30°C improved rooting for several cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
The resulting apple plantlets acclimated easily for greenhouse transfer.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae0t0e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The resulting plantlets acclimated easily for transfer to greenhouse conditions.”
t0“Apple Cultivars”
e1“Raising the temperature during dark treatment from 25° to 30°C improved rooting for several cultivars.”
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