Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 200708 to 200910 at Jobner, Rajasthan, to investigate the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, productivity, quality and economics of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Integrated application of 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through vermicompost (VC) + 50% RDN through fertilizers showed higher values of all the growth and yield attributes, viz. plant height, branches/plant, umbels/plant, umbellates/umbel, seeds/umbellate and 1,000-seed weight to the mag- nitude of 14.0, 22.0, 45.5, 24.9, 25.4 and 20.6% over the absolute control, respectively, closely followed by 100% RDN through fertilizers. Among the different nutrient-management practices, significantly highest mean seed (1.82 t/ha), stover (3.78 t/ha) and biological (5.60 t/ha) yields, gross ( 127,400/ha) and net monetary returns ( 101,883/ha), essential oil content (2.17%), oil yield (39.49 kg/ha) and available soil nitrogen balance (144.7 kg/ ha) were recorded with 50% RDN through VC + 50% RDN through fertilizers realizing 54.4, 51.8, 52.6, 54.4, 59.9, 17.3, 81.1 and 12.9% increase over absolute control, respectively. Similarly, it also recorded 3.99 benefit: cost ra- tio which was superior to the control (3.39) and remained at par with other treatments, but significantly lower to 100% RDN through fertilizers (4.72). Therefore, it is recommended to apply 50% RDN through VC + 50% RDN through fertilizers and reduced chemical fertilizers to 50%.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated nutrient management increased plant height by 14.0 relative to the control.
- Taxon
- fennel
_-_Parc_Natural_de_s'Albufera%2C_Spain_2022-04-18_(02).jpg?width=60)
Anethum foeniculumt0 - Treatment
- 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through vermicompost (VC) + 50% RDN through fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 14.0e0
- Comparator
- absolute controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_Parc_Natural_de_s'Albufera%2C_Spain_2022-04-18_(02).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Integrated application of 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through vermicompost (VC) + 50% RDN through fertilizers showed higher values of all the growth and yield attributes, viz. plant height, branches/plant, umbels/plant, umbellates/umbel, seeds/umbellate and 1,000-seed weight to the mag- nitude of 14.0, 22.0, 45.5, 24.9, 25.4 and 20.6% over the absolute control, respectively”
t0“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated nutrient management increased branches/plant by 22.0 relative to the control.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through vermicompost (VC) + 50% RDN through fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- branches/plante0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 22.0e0
- Comparator
- absolute controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Integrated application of 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through vermicompost (VC) + 50% RDN through fertilizers showed higher values of all the growth and yield attributes, viz. plant height, branches/plant, umbels/plant, umbellates/umbel, seeds/umbellate and 1,000-seed weight to the mag- nitude of 14.0, 22.0, 45.5, 24.9, 25.4 and 20.6% over the absolute control, respectively”
t0“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated nutrient management increased umbels/plant by 45.5 relative to the control.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through vermicompost (VC) + 50% RDN through fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- umbels/plante0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 45.5e0
- Comparator
- absolute controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Integrated application of 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through vermicompost (VC) + 50% RDN through fertilizers showed higher values of all the growth and yield attributes, viz. plant height, branches/plant, umbels/plant, umbellates/umbel, seeds/umbellate and 1,000-seed weight to the mag- nitude of 14.0, 22.0, 45.5, 24.9, 25.4 and 20.6% over the absolute control, respectively”
t0“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated nutrient management increased umbellates/umbel by 24.9 relative to the control.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through vermicompost (VC) + 50% RDN through fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- umbellates/umbele0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 24.9e0
- Comparator
- absolute controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Integrated application of 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through vermicompost (VC) + 50% RDN through fertilizers showed higher values of all the growth and yield attributes, viz. plant height, branches/plant, umbels/plant, umbellates/umbel, seeds/umbellate and 1,000-seed weight to the mag- nitude of 14.0, 22.0, 45.5, 24.9, 25.4 and 20.6% over the absolute control, respectively”
t0“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated nutrient management increased seeds/umbellate by 25.4 relative to the control.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through vermicompost (VC) + 50% RDN through fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- seeds/umbellatee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 25.4e0
- Comparator
- absolute controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Integrated application of 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through vermicompost (VC) + 50% RDN through fertilizers showed higher values of all the growth and yield attributes, viz. plant height, branches/plant, umbels/plant, umbellates/umbel, seeds/umbellate and 1,000-seed weight to the mag- nitude of 14.0, 22.0, 45.5, 24.9, 25.4 and 20.6% over the absolute control, respectively”
t0“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated nutrient management increased 1,000-seed weight by 20.6% relative to the control.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through vermicompost (VC) + 50% RDN through fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- 1,000-seed weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 20.6%e0
- Comparator
- absolute controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Integrated application of 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through vermicompost (VC) + 50% RDN through fertilizers showed higher values of all the growth and yield attributes, viz. plant height, branches/plant, umbels/plant, umbellates/umbel, seeds/umbellate and 1,000-seed weight to the mag- nitude of 14.0, 22.0, 45.5, 24.9, 25.4 and 20.6% over the absolute control, respectively”
t0“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated nutrient management produced seed of 1.82 t/ha.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- 50% RDN through VC + 50% RDN through fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- seede0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.82 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly highest mean seed (1.82 t/ha), stover (3.78 t/ha) and biological (5.60 t/ha) yields, gross ( 127,400/ha) and net monetary returns ( 101,883/ha), essential oil content (2.17%), oil yield (39.49 kg/ha) and available soil nitrogen balance (144.7 kg/ ha) were recorded with 50% RDN through VC + 50% RDN through fertilizers”
t0“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated nutrient management produced stover of 3.78 t/ha.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- 50% RDN through VC + 50% RDN through fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- stovere0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3.78 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly highest mean seed (1.82 t/ha), stover (3.78 t/ha) and biological (5.60 t/ha) yields, gross ( 127,400/ha) and net monetary returns ( 101,883/ha), essential oil content (2.17%), oil yield (39.49 kg/ha) and available soil nitrogen balance (144.7 kg/ ha) were recorded with 50% RDN through VC + 50% RDN through fertilizers”
t0“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated nutrient management produced biological of 5.60 t/ha.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- 50% RDN through VC + 50% RDN through fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- biologicale0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 5.60 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly highest mean seed (1.82 t/ha), stover (3.78 t/ha) and biological (5.60 t/ha) yields, gross ( 127,400/ha) and net monetary returns ( 101,883/ha), essential oil content (2.17%), oil yield (39.49 kg/ha) and available soil nitrogen balance (144.7 kg/ ha) were recorded with 50% RDN through VC + 50% RDN through fertilizers”
t0“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated nutrient management produced gross of 127,400/ha.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- 50% RDN through VC + 50% RDN through fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- grosse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 127,400/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly highest mean seed (1.82 t/ha), stover (3.78 t/ha) and biological (5.60 t/ha) yields, gross ( 127,400/ha) and net monetary returns ( 101,883/ha), essential oil content (2.17%), oil yield (39.49 kg/ha) and available soil nitrogen balance (144.7 kg/ ha) were recorded with 50% RDN through VC + 50% RDN through fertilizers”
t0“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated nutrient management produced net monetary returns of 101,883/ha.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- 50% RDN through VC + 50% RDN through fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- net monetary returnse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 101,883/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly highest mean seed (1.82 t/ha), stover (3.78 t/ha) and biological (5.60 t/ha) yields, gross ( 127,400/ha) and net monetary returns ( 101,883/ha), essential oil content (2.17%), oil yield (39.49 kg/ha) and available soil nitrogen balance (144.7 kg/ ha) were recorded with 50% RDN through VC + 50% RDN through fertilizers”
t0“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated nutrient management produced essential oil content of 2.17%.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- 50% RDN through VC + 50% RDN through fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- essential oil contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2.17%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly highest mean seed (1.82 t/ha), stover (3.78 t/ha) and biological (5.60 t/ha) yields, gross ( 127,400/ha) and net monetary returns ( 101,883/ha), essential oil content (2.17%), oil yield (39.49 kg/ha) and available soil nitrogen balance (144.7 kg/ ha) were recorded with 50% RDN through VC + 50% RDN through fertilizers”
t0“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated nutrient management produced oil yield of 39.49 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- 50% RDN through VC + 50% RDN through fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- oil yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 39.49 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly highest mean seed (1.82 t/ha), stover (3.78 t/ha) and biological (5.60 t/ha) yields, gross ( 127,400/ha) and net monetary returns ( 101,883/ha), essential oil content (2.17%), oil yield (39.49 kg/ha) and available soil nitrogen balance (144.7 kg/ ha) were recorded with 50% RDN through VC + 50% RDN through fertilizers”
t0“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated nutrient management produced available soil nitrogen balance of 144.7 kg/ ha.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- 50% RDN through VC + 50% RDN through fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- available soil nitrogen balancee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 144.7 kg/ hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly highest mean seed (1.82 t/ha), stover (3.78 t/ha) and biological (5.60 t/ha) yields, gross ( 127,400/ha) and net monetary returns ( 101,883/ha), essential oil content (2.17%), oil yield (39.49 kg/ha) and available soil nitrogen balance (144.7 kg/ ha) were recorded with 50% RDN through VC + 50% RDN through fertilizers”
t0“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
The nutrient treatment yielded a benefit to cost ratio of 3.99, above the control and below full fertilizer nitrogen.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Outcome
- benefit: cost ra- tioe0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Value
- 3.99e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it also recorded 3.99 benefit: cost ra- tio which was superior to the control (3.39) and remained at par with other treatments, but significantly lower to 100% RDN through fertilizers (4.72)”
t0“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend equal nitrogen shares from vermicompost and fertilizer.
- Taxon
- fennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Outcome
- apply 50% RDN through VC + 50% RDN through fertilizers and reduced chemical fertilizers to 50%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it is recommended to apply 50% RDN through VC + 50% RDN through fertilizers and reduced chemical fertilizers to 50%”
t0“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)”
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