Abstract
Environmental factors, especially nutrients, can influence the production of medicinal plants. Thus, the present study assessed the response of some morphological and physiological characteristics of fennel ecotypes to the foliar application (magnetic water, organic and chemical fertilizers). The study was a factorial experiment based on the randomized complete block design, with three replications and 25 treatments at the research farm of the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of West Azerbaijan province, Iran, in the spring and summer of two consecutive years, 2014–2015 and 2015–2016. The first factor was assigned to fennel landraces (Gaziantep, Hamedan, Urmia, Yazd, and Shiraz) and the second factor to the foliar application (nitrogen nano-fertilizer, magnetic water, urea, chicken manure, and the control). Results showed that interaction of fertilizer treatment and landrace increased fresh and dry weight, biological yield, and seed yield significantly. In the first year, the highest fresh weight (166 g) and dry weight (35.5 g) were observed in the Gaziantep landrace fertilized with chicken manure. The highest anethole and fenchone contents (81.75% and 7.92%, respectively) were observed in the landraces treated with chicken manure. Based on the percentages, the Urmia landrace had the highest anethole percentage (83.2%), and the Shiraz landrace had the lowest one (77.5%). The highest fenchone contents (9.61%) and the lowest (2.18%) were observed in the Yazd and Urmia landraces. Due to the positive effect of application of chicken manure on improving the studied traits of fennel, it is recommended to include chicken manure inputs to enhance the efficiency of crops, reduce environmental pollution, and move toward sustainable agriculture.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction of fertilizer treatment and landrace significantly increased fresh and dry weight of fennel.
- Taxon
- Fennel
_-_Parc_Natural_de_s'Albufera%2C_Spain_2022-04-18_(02).jpg?width=60)
Anethum foeniculumt0 - Treatment
- fertilizer treatmente0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_Parc_Natural_de_s'Albufera%2C_Spain_2022-04-18_(02).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Fennel”
e0“interaction of fertilizer treatment and landrace increased fresh and dry weight, biological yield, and seed yield significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction of fertilizer treatment and landrace significantly increased biological yield and seed yield of fennel.
- Taxon
- FennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- fertilizer treatmente0
- Outcome
- biological yield, and seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fennel”
e0“interaction of fertilizer treatment and landrace increased fresh and dry weight, biological yield, and seed yield significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
In the first year the highest fennel fresh weight (166 g) was in the Gaziantep landrace fertilized with chicken manure.
- Taxon
- FennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Material
- Gaziantep landracee0
- Treatment
- chicken manuree0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 166 ge0
- Qualifier
- first yeare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fennel”
e0“In the first year, the highest fresh weight (166 g) and dry weight (35.5 g) were observed in the Gaziantep landrace fertilized with chicken manure”
Claim · model-written summary
In the first year the highest fennel dry weight (35.5 g) was in the Gaziantep landrace fertilized with chicken manure.
- Taxon
- FennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Material
- Gaziantep landracee0
- Treatment
- chicken manuree0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 35.5 ge0
- Qualifier
- first yeare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fennel”
e0“In the first year, the highest fresh weight (166 g) and dry weight (35.5 g) were observed in the Gaziantep landrace fertilized with chicken manure”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest anethole content (81.75%) was observed in landraces treated with chicken manure.
- Taxon
- FennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Material
- landracese0
- Treatment
- chicken manuree0
- Outcome
- anetholee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 81.75%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fennel”
e0“The highest anethole and fenchone contents (81.75% and 7.92%, respectively) were observed in the landraces treated with chicken manure”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest fenchone content (7.92%) was observed in landraces treated with chicken manure.
- Taxon
- FennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Material
- landracese0
- Treatment
- chicken manuree0
- Outcome
- fenchonee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 7.92%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fennel”
e0“The highest anethole and fenchone contents (81.75% and 7.92%, respectively) were observed in the landraces treated with chicken manure”
Claim · model-written summary
The Urmia landrace had the highest anethole percentage (83.2%).
- Taxon
- FennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Material
- Urmia landracee0
- Outcome
- anethole percentagee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 83.2%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fennel”
e0“the Urmia landrace had the highest anethole percentage (83.2%), and the Shiraz landrace had the lowest one (77.5%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The Shiraz landrace had the lowest anethole percentage (77.5%).
- Taxon
- FennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Material
- Shiraz landracee0
- Outcome
- anethole percentagee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 77.5%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fennel”
e0“the Urmia landrace had the highest anethole percentage (83.2%), and the Shiraz landrace had the lowest one (77.5%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The Yazd landrace had the highest fenchone content (9.61%).
- Taxon
- FennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Material
- Yazde0
- Outcome
- fenchone contentse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 9.61%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fennel”
e0“The highest fenchone contents (9.61%) and the lowest (2.18%) were observed in the Yazd and Urmia landraces”
Claim · model-written summary
The Urmia landrace had the lowest fenchone content (2.18%).
- Taxon
- FennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Material
- Urmiae0
- Outcome
- fenchone contentse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 2.18%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fennel”
e0“The highest fenchone contents (9.61%) and the lowest (2.18%) were observed in the Yazd and Urmia landraces”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of chicken manure had a positive effect, improving the studied traits of fennel.
- Taxon
- FennelAnethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- application of chicken manuree0
- Outcome
- studied traitse0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fennel”
e0“the positive effect of application of chicken manure on improving the studied traits of fennel”
Claim · model-written summary
Including chicken manure inputs is recommended to enhance crop efficiency, reduce environmental pollution and support sustainable agriculture.
Verbatim
e0“it is recommended to include chicken manure inputs to enhance the efficiency of crops, reduce environmental pollution, and move toward sustainable agriculture”
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