Abstract
Selected nonpathogenic, root-colonizing bacteria are able to elicit induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this type of systemic resistance, an Arabidopsis-based model system was developed in which Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani were used as challenging pathogens. In Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes Columbia and Landsberg erecta, colonization of the rhizosphere by P. fluorescens strain WCS417r induced systemic resistance against both pathogens. In contrast, ecotype RLD did not respond to WCS417r treatment, whereas all three ecotypes expressed systemic acquired resistance upon treatment with salicylic acid (SA). P. fluorescens strain WCS374r, previously shown to induce ISR in radish, did not elicit ISR in Arabidopsis. The opposite was found for P. putida strain WCS358r, which induced ISR in Arabidopsis but not in radish. These results demonstrate that rhizosphere pseudomonads are differentially active in eliciting ISR in related plant species. The outer membrane lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of WCS417r is the main ISR-inducing determinant in radish and carnation, and LPS-containing cell walls also elicit ISR in Arabidopsis. However, mutant WCS417rOA-, lacking the O-antigenic side chain of the LPS, induced levels of protection similar to those induced by wild-type WCS417r. This indicates that ISR-inducing bacteria produce more than a single factor that trigger ISR in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, WCS417r and WCS358r induced protection in both wild-type Arabidopsis and SA-nonaccumulating NahG plants without activating pathogenesis-related gene expression. This suggests that elicitation of an SA-independent signaling pathway is a characteristic feature of ISR-inducing biocontrol bacteria.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
WCS417r induced resistance to P. syringae in Columbia and Landsberg erecta.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Material
- Columbia and Landsberg erectae0
- Treatment
- colonization of the rhizosphere by P. fluorescens strain WCS417re0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescens strain WCS417r
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- systemic resistancee0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes Columbia and Landsberg erecta, colonization of the rhizosphere by P. fluorescens strain WCS417r induced systemic resistance against both pathogens.”
Claim · model-written summary
RLD did not respond to WCS417r.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- RLDe0
- Treatment
- WCS417r treatmente0
- Interactor
- WCS417re0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- did not responde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ecotype RLD did not respond to WCS417r treatment”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
All three ecotypes expressed systemic acquired resistance after salicylic acid treatment.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- all three ecotypese0
- Treatment
- salicylic acid (SA)e0
- Outcome
- systemic acquired resistancee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all three ecotypes expressed systemic acquired resistance upon treatment with salicylic acid (SA)”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
WCS374r did not elicit resistance in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- P. fluorescens strain WCS374re0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescens strain WCS374rPseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- ISRe0
- Direction
- did not elicite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. fluorescens strain WCS374r, previously shown to induce ISR in radish, did not elicit ISR in Arabidopsis.”
Claim · model-written summary
WCS358r induced resistance in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- P. putida strain WCS358re0
- Interactor
- P. putida strain WCS358r
Pseudomonas putidae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- ISRe0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. putida strain WCS358r, which induced ISR in Arabidopsis but not in radish.”
Claim · model-written summary
WCS358r did not induce resistance in radish.
- Taxon
- radish
Raphanus sativuse0 - Treatment
- P. putida strain WCS358re0
- Interactor
- P. putida strain WCS358rPseudomonas putidae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- ISRe0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. putida strain WCS358r, which induced ISR in Arabidopsis but not in radish.”
Claim · model-written summary
LPS-containing cell walls elicited resistance in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- LPS-containing cell wallse0
- Outcome
- ISRe0
- Direction
- elicite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LPS-containing cell walls also elicit ISR in Arabidopsis.”
Claim · model-written summary
WCS417rOA- produced protection similar to wild type WCS417r.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- mutant WCS417rOA-e0
- Interactor
- WCS417rOA-e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- levels of protectione0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- wild-type WCS417re0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutant WCS417rOA-, lacking the O-antigenic side chain of the LPS, induced levels of protection similar to those induced by wild-type WCS417r.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
WCS417r and WCS358r protected wild-type Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- wild-type Arabidopsise0
- Treatment
- WCS417r and WCS358re0
- Interactor
- WCS417re0biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- WCS358re0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- protectione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WCS417r and WCS358r induced protection in both wild-type Arabidopsis and SA-nonaccumulating NahG plants without activating pathogenesis-related gene expression.”
Claim · model-written summary
WCS417r and WCS358r protected SA-nonaccumulating NahG plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- NahG plantse0
- Treatment
- WCS417r and WCS358re0
- Interactor
- WCS417re0biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- WCS358re0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- protectione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WCS417r and WCS358r induced protection in both wild-type Arabidopsis and SA-nonaccumulating NahG plants without activating pathogenesis-related gene expression.”
Claim · model-written summary
Protection by WCS417r and WCS358r occurred without pathogenesis-related gene expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- WCS417r and WCS358re0
- Gene
- pathogenesis-related genee0
- Outcome
- without activating pathogenesis-related gene expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WCS417r and WCS358r induced protection in both wild-type Arabidopsis and SA-nonaccumulating NahG plants without activating pathogenesis-related gene expression.”
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See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.