Abstract
Multicellular eukaryotic organisms are attacked by numerous parasites from diverse phyla, often simultaneously or sequentially. An outstanding question in these interactions is how hosts integrate signals induced by the attack of different parasites. We used a model system comprised of the plant host Arabidopsis thaliana, the hemibiotrophic bacterial phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae, and herbivorous larvae of the moth Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) to characterize mechanisms involved in systemic-induced susceptibility (SIS) to T. ni herbivory caused by prior infection by virulent P. syringae. We uncovered a complex multilayered induction mechanism for SIS to herbivory. In this mechanism, antiherbivore defenses that depend on signaling via (1) the jasmonic acid-isoleucine conjugate (JA-Ile) and (2) other octadecanoids are suppressed by microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered salicylic acid (SA) signaling and infection-triggered ethylene signaling, respectively. SIS to herbivory is, in turn, counteracted by a combination of the bacterial JA-Ile mimic coronatine and type III virulence-associated effectors. Our results show that SIS to herbivory involves more than antagonistic signaling between SA and JA-Ile and provide insight into the unexpectedly complex mechanisms behind a seemingly simple trade-off in plant defense against multiple enemies.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Systemic-induced susceptibility to T. ni herbivory is caused by prior infection by virulent P. syringae.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Treatment
- prior infection by virulent P. syringaee4
- Interactor
- T. nie4herbivore
- Second interactor
- P. syringae
Pseudomonas syringaee4pathogen - Outcome
- systemic-induced susceptibility (SIS) to T. ni herbivorye4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We used a model system comprised of the plant host Arabidopsis thaliana, the hemibiotrophic bacterial phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae, and herbivorous larvae of the moth Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)”
e4“to characterize mechanisms involved in systemic-induced susceptibility (SIS) to T. ni herbivory caused by prior infection by virulent P. syringae”
Claim · model-written summary
Antiherbivore defenses depending on JA-Ile signaling are suppressed by microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered SA signaling.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Interactor
- Trichoplusia ni
Trichoplusia nie0herbivore - Second interactor
- Pseudomonas syringaePseudomonas syringaee0pathogen
- Compound
- salicylic acid (SA)e1
- Outcome
- antiherbivore defensese1
- Qualifier
- depend on signaling via (1) the jasmonic acid-isoleucine conjugate (JA-Ile)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We used a model system comprised of the plant host Arabidopsis thaliana, the hemibiotrophic bacterial phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae, and herbivorous larvae of the moth Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)”
e1“antiherbivore defenses that depend on signaling via (1) the jasmonic acid-isoleucine conjugate (JA-Ile) and (2) other octadecanoids are suppressed by microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered salicylic acid (SA) signaling and infection-triggered ethylene signaling, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Antiherbivore defenses depending on other octadecanoids are suppressed by infection-triggered ethylene signaling.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Interactor
- Trichoplusia niTrichoplusia nie0herbivore
- Second interactor
- Pseudomonas syringaePseudomonas syringaee0pathogen
- Compound
- ethylenee1
- Outcome
- antiherbivore defensese1
- Qualifier
- other octadecanoidse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We used a model system comprised of the plant host Arabidopsis thaliana, the hemibiotrophic bacterial phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae, and herbivorous larvae of the moth Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)”
e1“antiherbivore defenses that depend on signaling via (1) the jasmonic acid-isoleucine conjugate (JA-Ile) and (2) other octadecanoids are suppressed by microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered salicylic acid (SA) signaling and infection-triggered ethylene signaling, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Systemic-induced susceptibility to herbivory is counteracted by the bacterial JA-Ile mimic coronatine together with type III virulence-associated effectors.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Interactor
- Trichoplusia niTrichoplusia nie0herbivore
- Second interactor
- Pseudomonas syringaePseudomonas syringaee0pathogen
- Compound
- coronatinee2
- Outcome
- SIS to herbivorye2
- Qualifier
- type III virulence-associated effectorse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We used a model system comprised of the plant host Arabidopsis thaliana, the hemibiotrophic bacterial phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae, and herbivorous larvae of the moth Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)”
e2“SIS to herbivory is, in turn, counteracted by a combination of the bacterial JA-Ile mimic coronatine and type III virulence-associated effectors”
Claim · model-written summary
Systemic-induced susceptibility to herbivory involves more than antagonistic signaling between SA and JA-Ile.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Interactor
- Trichoplusia niTrichoplusia nie0herbivore
- Outcome
- SIS to herbivorye3
- Qualifier
- involves more than antagonistic signaling between SA and JA-Ilee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We used a model system comprised of the plant host Arabidopsis thaliana, the hemibiotrophic bacterial phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae, and herbivorous larvae of the moth Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)”
e3“Our results show that SIS to herbivory involves more than antagonistic signaling between SA and JA-Ile”
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