Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana flowers emit volatile terpenes, which may function in plant-insect interactions. Here, we report that Arabidopsis MYC2, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, directly binds to promoters of the sesquiterpene synthase genes TPS21 and TPS11 and activates their expression. Expression of TPS21 and TPS11 can be induced by the phytohormones gibberellin (GA) and jasmonate (JA), and both inductions require MYC2. The induction of TPS21 and TPS11 results in increased emission of sesquiterpene, especially (E)-β-caryophyllene. DELLAs, the GA signaling repressors, negatively affect sesquiterpene biosynthesis, as the sesquiterpene synthase genes were repressed in plants overaccumulating REPRESSOR OF GA1-3 (RGA), one of the Arabidopsis DELLAs, and upregulated in a penta DELLA-deficient mutant. Yeast two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that DELLAs, represented by RGA, directly interact with MYC2. In yeast cells, the N terminus of MYC2 was responsible for binding to RGA. MYC2 has been proposed as a major mediator of JA signaling and crosstalk with abscisic acid, ethylene, and light signaling pathways. Our results demonstrate that MYC2 is also connected to GA signaling in regulating a subset of genes. In Arabidopsis inflorescences, it integrates both GA and JA signals into transcriptional regulation of sesquiterpene synthase genes and promotes sesquiterpene production.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
MYC2 binds TPS21 and TPS11 promoters and activates their expression.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Gene
- MYC2e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Qualifier
- directly binds to promoterse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis MYC2, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, directly binds to promoters of the sesquiterpene synthase genes TPS21 and TPS11 and activates their expression.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
gibberellin (GA) induces TPS21 and TPS11 expression in a MYC2-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- gibberellin (GA)e0
- Gene
- MYC2e0
- Outcome
- Expression of TPS21 and TPS11e0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of TPS21 and TPS11 can be induced by the phytohormones gibberellin (GA) and jasmonate (JA), and both inductions require MYC2.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
jasmonate (JA) induces TPS21 and TPS11 expression in a MYC2-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- jasmonate (JA)e0
- Gene
- MYC2e0
- Outcome
- Expression of TPS21 and TPS11e0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of TPS21 and TPS11 can be induced by the phytohormones gibberellin (GA) and jasmonate (JA), and both inductions require MYC2.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Induction of TPS21 and TPS11 increases sesquiterpene emission, particularly (E)-β-caryophyllene.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- TPS21 and TPS11e0
- Outcome
- emission of sesquiterpene, especially (E)-β-caryophyllenee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The induction of TPS21 and TPS11 results in increased emission of sesquiterpene, especially (E)-β-caryophyllene.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
RGA overaccumulation represses sesquiterpene synthase genes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- overaccumulating REPRESSOR OF GA1-3 (RGA)e0
- Outcome
- sesquiterpene synthase genese0
- Direction
- repressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the sesquiterpene synthase genes were repressed in plants overaccumulating REPRESSOR OF GA1-3 (RGA)”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
A penta DELLA-deficient mutant upregulates sesquiterpene synthase genes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- penta DELLA-deficient mutante0
- Outcome
- sesquiterpene synthase genese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sesquiterpene synthase genes were repressed in plants overaccumulating REPRESSOR OF GA1-3 (RGA), one of the Arabidopsis DELLAs, and upregulated in a penta DELLA-deficient mutant.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
RGA directly interacts with MYC2.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- RGAe0
- Outcome
- directly interact with MYC2e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DELLAs, represented by RGA, directly interact with MYC2.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The MYC2 N terminus binds RGA in yeast cells.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- MYC2e0
- Outcome
- binding to RGAe0
- Setting
- yeast cellse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In yeast cells, the N terminus of MYC2 was responsible for binding to RGA.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
MYC2 integrates GA and JA signals in Arabidopsis inflorescences to regulate sesquiterpene synthase genes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- inflorescencese0
- Outcome
- transcriptional regulation of sesquiterpene synthase genese0
- Qualifier
- both GA and JA signalse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis inflorescences, it integrates both GA and JA signals into transcriptional regulation of sesquiterpene synthase genes and promotes sesquiterpene production.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
MYC2 promotes sesquiterpene production in Arabidopsis inflorescences.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- inflorescencese0
- Outcome
- sesquiterpene productione0
- Direction
- promotese0
- Qualifier
- both GA and JA signalse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis inflorescences, it integrates both GA and JA signals into transcriptional regulation of sesquiterpene synthase genes and promotes sesquiterpene production.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
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