Abstract
Plant hormones control plant development by modulating the expression of regulatory genes, including homeobox-containing KNOXI genes. However, much remains to be elucidated about the interactions involved. Therefore, hormonal regulation of KNOXI gene expression was investigated using hormone applications and an inducible transgenic ipt expression system to increase endogenous cytokinin (CK) levels. Treatments with auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinins, ethylene, and gibberellin (GA) did not result in ectopic expression of the BP (BREVIPEDICELLUS) gene. However, BP expression was strongly reduced by ABA, increased by auxin treatment (correlating with the initiation of lateral root meristems, which strongly express BP), and did not significantly respond to short-term treatments with the other hormones in whole seedlings. Following short-term ipt activation, organ-specific differential regulation of KNOXI gene expression was observed. While several KNOXI genes were transiently up-regulated to low levels, STM was selectively repressed (especially at low light) in hypocotyls. In cotyledons, activation of CK-responsive genes preceded ipt induction, suggesting that CKs are transported more rapidly than the inducing agent (dexamethasone). Long-term increases in CK levels induced raised levels of several KNOXI transcripts in hypocotyls, correlating with the radial expansion of vascular tissues, the main domains of KNOXI gene expression, suggesting that CKs had little effect on KNOXI promoter activity. No alterations in hormone sensitivity were observed in a bp null mutant. Constitutive BP overexpression caused reductions in the length and number of lateral roots, while the primary root remained unaffected. The transgenic seedlings displayed weak, but significant, alterations in sensitivity to ABA, CK, and 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin, abscisic acid, cytokinin, ethylene and gibberellin treatments did not induce ectopic expression of BP.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist1 - Treatment
- auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinins, ethylene, and gibberellin (GA)e1
- Gene
- BPe1
- Outcome
- ectopic expression of the BPe1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Involvement of hormones and KNOXI genes in early Arabidopsis seedling development”
e1“Treatments with auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinins, ethylene, and gibberellin (GA) did not result in ectopic expression of the BP (BREVIPEDICELLUS) gene”
Claim · model-written summary
Short-term treatments with the other hormones did not significantly change BP expression in whole seedlings.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist1
- Treatment
- short-term treatments with the other hormonese2
- Gene
- BPe2
- Outcome
- BP expressione2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Involvement of hormones and KNOXI genes in early Arabidopsis seedling development”
e2“BP expression was strongly reduced by ABA, increased by auxin treatment (correlating with the initiation of lateral root meristems, which strongly express BP), and did not significantly respond to short-term treatments with the other hormones in whole seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA strongly reduced BP expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist1
- Treatment
- ABAe2
- Gene
- BPe2
- Outcome
- BP expressione2
- Direction
- strongly reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Involvement of hormones and KNOXI genes in early Arabidopsis seedling development”
e2“BP expression was strongly reduced by ABA, increased by auxin treatment (correlating with the initiation of lateral root meristems, which strongly express BP), and did not significantly respond to short-term treatments with the other hormones in whole seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin treatment increased BP expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist1
- Treatment
- auxin treatmente2
- Gene
- BPe2
- Outcome
- BP expressione2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Involvement of hormones and KNOXI genes in early Arabidopsis seedling development”
e2“BP expression was strongly reduced by ABA, increased by auxin treatment (correlating with the initiation of lateral root meristems, which strongly express BP), and did not significantly respond to short-term treatments with the other hormones in whole seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
BP expression correlated with the initiation of lateral root meristems.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist1
- Organ / stage
- lateral root meristemse2
- Outcome
- initiation of lateral root meristemse2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Involvement of hormones and KNOXI genes in early Arabidopsis seedling development”
e2“BP expression was strongly reduced by ABA, increased by auxin treatment (correlating with the initiation of lateral root meristems, which strongly express BP), and did not significantly respond to short-term treatments with the other hormones in whole seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Short-term ipt activation transiently up-regulated several KNOXI genes to low levels.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist1
- Treatment
- short-term ipt activatione4
- Gene
- KNOXI genese3
- Outcome
- KNOXI genese3
- Direction
- up-regulatede3
- Value
- low levelse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Involvement of hormones and KNOXI genes in early Arabidopsis seedling development”
e3“While several KNOXI genes were transiently up-regulated to low levels, STM was selectively repressed (especially at low light) in hypocotyls”
e4“Following short-term ipt activation, organ-specific differential regulation of KNOXI gene expression was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Short-term ipt activation selectively repressed STM in hypocotyls, especially at low light.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist1
- Organ / stage
- hypocotylse3
- Treatment
- short-term ipt activatione4
- Gene
- STMe3
- Outcome
- STMe3
- Direction
- repressede3
- Qualifier
- especially at low lighte3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Involvement of hormones and KNOXI genes in early Arabidopsis seedling development”
e3“While several KNOXI genes were transiently up-regulated to low levels, STM was selectively repressed (especially at low light) in hypocotyls”
e4“Following short-term ipt activation, organ-specific differential regulation of KNOXI gene expression was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Activation of CK-responsive genes in cotyledons preceded ipt induction.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist1
- Organ / stage
- cotyledonse5
- Outcome
- activation of CK-responsive genese5
- Qualifier
- preceded ipt inductione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Involvement of hormones and KNOXI genes in early Arabidopsis seedling development”
e5“In cotyledons, activation of CK-responsive genes preceded ipt induction”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinins appear to be transported more rapidly than the inducing agent dexamethasone.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist1
- Compound
- CKse6
- Outcome
- transported more rapidly than the inducing agente6
- Qualifier
- (dexamethasone)e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Involvement of hormones and KNOXI genes in early Arabidopsis seedling development”
e6“suggesting that CKs are transported more rapidly than the inducing agent (dexamethasone)”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term increases in CK levels raised levels of several KNOXI transcripts in hypocotyls.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist1
- Organ / stage
- hypocotylse7
- Treatment
- Long-term increases in CK levelse7
- Gene
- KNOXIe7
- Outcome
- KNOXI transcriptse7
- Direction
- raised levelse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Involvement of hormones and KNOXI genes in early Arabidopsis seedling development”
e7“Long-term increases in CK levels induced raised levels of several KNOXI transcripts in hypocotyls, correlating with the radial expansion of vascular tissues, the main domains of KNOXI gene expression, suggesting that CKs had little effect on KNOXI promoter activity”
Claim · model-written summary
KNOXI transcript levels correlated with the radial expansion of vascular tissues.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist1
- Organ / stage
- vascular tissuese7
- Outcome
- radial expansion of vascular tissuese7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Involvement of hormones and KNOXI genes in early Arabidopsis seedling development”
e7“Long-term increases in CK levels induced raised levels of several KNOXI transcripts in hypocotyls, correlating with the radial expansion of vascular tissues, the main domains of KNOXI gene expression, suggesting that CKs had little effect on KNOXI promoter activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term CK increases had little effect on KNOXI promoter activity.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist1
- Treatment
- Long-term increases in CK levelse7
- Outcome
- KNOXI promoter activitye7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Involvement of hormones and KNOXI genes in early Arabidopsis seedling development”
e7“Long-term increases in CK levels induced raised levels of several KNOXI transcripts in hypocotyls, correlating with the radial expansion of vascular tissues, the main domains of KNOXI gene expression, suggesting that CKs had little effect on KNOXI promoter activity”
Claim · model-written summary
The bp null mutant showed no alteration in hormone sensitivity.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist1
- Material
- bp null mutante2
- Outcome
- hormone sensitivitye2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Involvement of hormones and KNOXI genes in early Arabidopsis seedling development”
e2“No alterations in hormone sensitivity were observed in a bp null mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
Constitutive BP overexpression reduced the length and number of lateral roots.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist1
- Organ / stage
- lateral rootse3
- Treatment
- Constitutive BP overexpressione3
- Gene
- BPe3
- Outcome
- length and number of lateral rootse3
- Direction
- reductionse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Involvement of hormones and KNOXI genes in early Arabidopsis seedling development”
e3“Constitutive BP overexpression caused reductions in the length and number of lateral roots, while the primary root remained unaffected”
Claim · model-written summary
Constitutive BP overexpression left the primary root unaffected.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist1
- Treatment
- Constitutive BP overexpressione3
- Outcome
- primary roote3
- Qualifier
- remained unaffectede3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Involvement of hormones and KNOXI genes in early Arabidopsis seedling development”
e3“Constitutive BP overexpression caused reductions in the length and number of lateral roots, while the primary root remained unaffected”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic seedlings showed weak but significant alterations in sensitivity to ABA, CK and ACC.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist1
- Material
- transgenic seedlingse4
- Outcome
- sensitivity to ABA, CK, and 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acide4
- Qualifier
- weak, but significante4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Involvement of hormones and KNOXI genes in early Arabidopsis seedling development”
e4“The transgenic seedlings displayed weak, but significant, alterations in sensitivity to ABA, CK, and 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid”
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