Abstract
Hormonal crosstalk is central for tailoring plant responses to the nature of challenges encountered. The role of antagonism between the two major defense hormones, salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), and modulation of this interplay by ethylene (ET) in favor of JA signaling pathway in plant stress responses is well recognized, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we show the opposing function of two transcription factors, ethylene insensitive3 (EIN3) and EIN3-Like1 (EIL1), in SA-mediated suppression and JA-mediated activation of PLANT DEFENSIN1.2 (PDF1.2). This functional duality is mediated via their effect on protein, not transcript levels of the PDF1.2 transcriptional activator octadecanoid-responsive Arabidopsis59 (ORA59). Specifically, JA induces ORA59 protein levels independently of EIN3/EIL1, whereas SA reduces the protein levels dependently of EIN3/EIL1. Co-infiltration assays revealed nuclear co-localization of ORA59 and EIN3, and split-luciferase together with yeast-two-hybrid assays established their physical interaction. The functional ramification of the physical interaction is EIN3-dependent degradation of ORA59 by the 26S proteasome. These findings allude to SA-responsive reduction of ORA59 levels mediated by EIN3 binding to and targeting of ORA59 for degradation, thus nominating ORA59 pool as a coordination node for the antagonistic function of ET/JA and SA.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
EIN3 and EIL1 had opposing functions in SA suppression and JA activation of PDF1.2.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise1 - Gene
- ethylene insensitive3 (EIN3) and EIN3-Like1 (EIL1)e0
- Outcome
- SA-mediated suppression and JA-mediated activation of PLANT DEFENSIN1.2 (PDF1.2)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“opposing function of two transcription factors, ethylene insensitive3 (EIN3) and EIN3-Like1 (EIL1), in SA-mediated suppression and JA-mediated activation of PLANT DEFENSIN1.2 (PDF1.2)”
e1“octadecanoid-responsive Arabidopsis59 (ORA59)”
Claim · model-written summary
The functional duality operated through ORA59 protein rather than transcript levels.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- octadecanoid-responsive Arabidopsis59 (ORA59)e0
- Outcome
- protein, not transcript levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This functional duality is mediated via their effect on protein, not transcript levels of the PDF1.2 transcriptional activator octadecanoid-responsive Arabidopsis59 (ORA59)”
Claim · model-written summary
JA induced ORA59 protein levels independently of EIN3/EIL1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- JAe0
- Gene
- ORA59e0
- Outcome
- ORA59 protein levelse0
- Direction
- inducese0
- Qualifier
- independently of EIN3/EIL1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JA induces ORA59 protein levels independently of EIN3/EIL1”
e1“octadecanoid-responsive Arabidopsis59 (ORA59)”
Claim · model-written summary
SA reduced ORA59 protein levels dependently on EIN3/EIL1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA reduces the protein levels dependently of EIN3/EIL1”
e1“octadecanoid-responsive Arabidopsis59 (ORA59)”
Claim · model-written summary
ORA59 and EIN3 colocalized in nuclei.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- ORA59 and EIN3e0
- Outcome
- nuclear co-localizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-infiltration assays revealed nuclear co-localization of ORA59 and EIN3”
e1“octadecanoid-responsive Arabidopsis59 (ORA59)”
Claim · model-written summary
Split-luciferase and yeast-two-hybrid assays established ORA59-EIN3 physical interaction.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- ORA59 and EIN3e2
- Outcome
- physical interactione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“split-luciferase together with yeast-two-hybrid assays established their physical interaction”
e1“octadecanoid-responsive Arabidopsis59 (ORA59)”
e2“nuclear co-localization of ORA59 and EIN3”
Claim · model-written summary
EIN3 interaction led to proteasomal degradation of ORA59.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- EIN3e0
- Outcome
- degradation of ORA59e0
- Qualifier
- 26S proteasomee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EIN3-dependent degradation of ORA59 by the 26S proteasome”
e1“octadecanoid-responsive Arabidopsis59 (ORA59)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed ORA59 as a coordination node for antagonistic ET/JA and SA regulation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- ORA59e0
- Outcome
- coordination node for the antagonistic function of ET/JA and SAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nominating ORA59 pool as a coordination node for the antagonistic function of ET/JA and SA”
e1“octadecanoid-responsive Arabidopsis59 (ORA59)”
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