Abstract
PICKLE (PKL) encodes a CHD3 protein that is involved in the repression of embryonic identity after germination in Arabidopsis. CHD proteins are thought to remodel chromatin as a means of gene regulation. pkl mutants are named after the accumulation of green tissue that can develop at the primary root of the seedling. The "pickle root" has the ability to form somatic embryos and continues to express embryonic genes, suggesting embryonic identity is not properly repressed after germination. The penetrance of the pickle root phenotype is strongly dependent on levels of the plant hormone Gibberellin (GA). Another relationship between PKL and GA is that pkl plants express shoot phenotypes that are similar to a GA deficient plant (dark green leaves, delayed bolting, reduced branching of trichomes, reduced apical dominance, and reduced stature), suggesting PKL is involved in GA signaling. In this study, I further examine the expression and localization of PKL protein and transcript. I demonstrate that PKL protein is nuclear localized and that expression and localization are unaffected by the addition or subtraction of GA. I also determine that pkl germinating seedlings do not properly repress the embryonic genes (LEC1 and LEC2 ). In addition, I demonstrate that lowering endogenous levels of GA during germination increases the level of transcript in these embryonic genes, suggesting that both PKL and GA play a role in repressing embryonic identity in germinating seedlings. By performing a domain deletion analysis of PKL, I identified potential dominant negative forms of PKL. Further characterization of these dominant negative forms of PKL reveal that endogenous levels of PKL protein are reduced but not transcript, suggesting that these forms of PKL function at the level of protein. Finally I characterized the other CHD genes in Arabidopsis and identified a CHD3 variant that is similar to PKL but lacks a PHD zinc finger domain. Further characterization PKR2 revealed that the protein and transcript are only detected in embryonic tissue and that PKL and PKR2 function redundantly to repress embryonic identity in Arabidopsis.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
PKL protein is localized to the nucleus.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Gene
- PKL proteine0
- Outcome
- nuclear localizede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PKL protein is nuclear localized”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding or subtracting GA did not alter PKL expression or localization.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- addition or subtraction of GAe0
- Gene
- PKLe0
- Outcome
- expression and localizatione0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PKL protein is nuclear localized and that expression and localization are unaffected by the addition or subtraction of GA”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Germinating pkl seedlings failed to repress LEC1 and LEC2 embryonic genes properly.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- pkl germinating seedlingse0
- Gene
- LEC1 and LEC2e0
- Outcome
- do not properly repress the embryonic genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pkl germinating seedlings do not properly repress the embryonic genes (LEC1 and LEC2 )”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing endogenous GA during germination increased embryonic gene transcripts.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- during germinatione0
- Treatment
- lowering endogenous levels of GAe0
- Outcome
- level of transcript in these embryonic genese0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lowering endogenous levels of GA during germination increases the level of transcript in these embryonic genes”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
PKL domain deletion identified potential dominant negative forms.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- PKLe0
- Outcome
- potential dominant negative forms of PKLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By performing a domain deletion analysis of PKL, I identified potential dominant negative forms of PKL”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Dominant negative PKL forms reduced endogenous PKL protein.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- dominant negative forms of PKLe0
- Gene
- PKL proteine0
- Outcome
- endogenous levels of PKL proteine0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these dominant negative forms of PKL reveal that endogenous levels of PKL protein are reduced but not transcript”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Dominant negative PKL forms did not reduce PKL transcript.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- dominant negative forms of PKLe0
- Gene
- PKLe0
- Outcome
- transcripte0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these dominant negative forms of PKL reveal that endogenous levels of PKL protein are reduced but not transcript”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The study identified a CHD3 variant resembling PKL but lacking a PHD zinc finger domain.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- CHD3 variante0
- Outcome
- similar to PKL but lacks a PHD zinc finger domaine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“identified a CHD3 variant that is similar to PKL but lacks a PHD zinc finger domain”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
PKR2 protein was detected only in embryonic tissue.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- embryonic tissuee0
- Gene
- PKR2e0
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Qualifier
- only detectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PKR2 revealed that the protein and transcript are only detected in embryonic tissue”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
PKR2 transcript was detected only in embryonic tissue.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- embryonic tissuee0
- Gene
- PKR2e0
- Outcome
- transcripte0
- Qualifier
- only detectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PKR2 revealed that the protein and transcript are only detected in embryonic tissue”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
PKL and PKR2 function redundantly to repress embryonic identity.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- PKL and PKR2e0
- Outcome
- repress embryonic identitye0
- Qualifier
- function redundantlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PKL and PKR2 function redundantly to repress embryonic identity in Arabidopsis”
The same questions in other papers
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