Abstract
Baculovirus-based biopesticides like nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) offer management opportunities against Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). The plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens imparts induced systemic resistance due to enhanced phenolase activity, which could regulate disease expression by baculoviruses. The possibility of integrated use of H. armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus and P. fluorescens on okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench], cv. Arka Anamika, and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), cv. PKM 1, against H. armigera was investigated. The Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) was applied to fruit from pot-cultured okra and tomato previously treated with P. fluorescens as a seed treatment (ST), foliar application (FA), or in combination and bioassayed against third instar H. armigera. Application of P. fluorescens as ST and FA, alone or in combination with HearNPV, reduced larval and pupal weights of H. armigera that fed on okra and tomato fruits. Lower percentage mortality (31.25% and 36.25%) due to NPV was noticed in okra and tomato plants, respectively, treated with P. fluorescens through ST + FA. Increased levels of phenol, tannin, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase were recorded in P. fluorescens–treated plants than in untreated checks. Reduced consumption by H. armigera larvae and inactivation of baculoviruses due to defense-related enzyme induction in P. fluorescens–treated plants could be responsible for the reduction in NPV-induced mortality of H. armigera larvae.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescens treatment reduced weights of H. armigera larvae feeding on okra fruits.
- Taxon
- okra
.jpg?width=60)
Abelmoschus esculentuse0 - Treatment
- P. fluorescens as ST and FAe0
- Interactor
- H. armigera
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=60)
Helicoverpa armigerae0pest - Second interactor
- P. fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont - Outcome
- larval and pupal weights of H. armigerae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=500)
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Application of P. fluorescens as ST and FA, alone or in combination with HearNPV, reduced larval and pupal weights of H. armigera that fed on okra and tomato fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescens treatment reduced weights of H. armigera pupae feeding on tomato fruits.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- P. fluorescens as ST and FAe0
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont
- Outcome
- pupal weights of H. armigerae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of P. fluorescens as ST and FA, alone or in combination with HearNPV, reduced larval and pupal weights of H. armigera that fed on okra and tomato fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
NPV associated mortality of H. armigera was 31.25% in P. fluorescens treated okra.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- P. fluorescens through ST + FAe0
- Interactor
- NPVe0other
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- Lowere0
- Value
- 31.25%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lower percentage mortality (31.25% and 36.25%) due to NPV was noticed in okra and tomato plants, respectively, treated with P. fluorescens through ST + FA”
Claim · model-written summary
NPV associated mortality of H. armigera was 36.25% in P. fluorescens treated tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- P. fluorescens through ST + FAe0
- Interactor
- NPVe0other
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- Lowere0
- Value
- 36.25%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lower percentage mortality (31.25% and 36.25%) due to NPV was noticed in okra and tomato plants, respectively, treated with P. fluorescens through ST + FA”
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescens treated okra plants had increased phenol and tannin levels.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- P. fluorescens–treatede0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont
- Outcome
- levels of phenol, tannine0
- Direction
- Increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated checkse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased levels of phenol, tannin, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase were recorded in P. fluorescens–treated plants than in untreated checks”
e1“okra and tomato fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescens treated tomato plants had increased peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase levels.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- P. fluorescens–treatede0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont
- Outcome
- peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyasee0
- Direction
- Increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated checkse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased levels of phenol, tannin, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase were recorded in P. fluorescens–treated plants than in untreated checks”
e1“okra and tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that reduced larval consumption and virus inactivation from induced defenses could explain lower NPV mortality.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont
- Outcome
- reduction in NPV-induced mortality of H. armigera larvaee0
- Qualifier
- defense-related enzyme inductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced consumption by H. armigera larvae and inactivation of baculoviruses due to defense-related enzyme induction in P. fluorescens–treated plants could be responsible for the reduction in NPV-induced mortality of H. armigera larvae”
e1“on okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench], cv. Arka Anamika, and tomato”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 43 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.