Abstract
Powdery mildews and other obligate biotrophic pathogens are highly adapted to their hosts and often show limited host ranges. One facet of such host specialization is likely to be penetration of the host cell wall, a major barrier to infection. A mutation in the pmr5 gene rendered Arabidopsis resistant to the powdery mildew species Erysiphe cichoracearum and Erysiphe orontii, but not to the unrelated pathogens Pseudomonas syringae or Peronospora parasitica. PMR5 belongs to a large family of plant-specific genes of unknown function. pmr5-mediated resistance did not require signaling through either the salicylic acid or jasmonic acid/ethylene defense pathways, suggesting resistance in this mutant may be due either to the loss of a susceptibility factor or to the activation of a novel form of defense. Based on Fourier transform infrared analysis, the pmr5 cell walls were enriched in pectin and exhibited a reduced degree of pectin modification relative to wild-type cell walls. In addition, the mutant had smaller cells, suggesting a defect in cell expansion. A double mutant with pmr6 (defective in a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored pectate lyase-like gene) exhibited a strong increase in total uronic acid content and a more severe reduction in size, relative to the single mutants, suggesting that the two genes affect pectin composition, either directly or indirectly, via different mechanisms. These two mutants highlight the importance of the host cell wall in plant-microbe interactions.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
pmr5 mutation conferred resistance to Erysiphe cichoracearum.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- A mutation in the pmr5 genee0
- Interactor
- Erysiphe cichoracearum
Golovinomyces cichoracearume0pathogen - Gene
- pmr5e0
- Outcome
- resistant to the powdery mildew species Erysiphe cichoracearume0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“A mutation in the pmr5 gene rendered Arabidopsis resistant to the powdery mildew species Erysiphe cichoracearum and Erysiphe orontii, but not to the unrelated pathogens Pseudomonas syringae or Peronospora parasitica.”
Claim · model-written summary
pmr5 mutation conferred resistance to Erysiphe orontii.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- A mutation in the pmr5 genee0
- Interactor
- Erysiphe orontii
.jpg?width=60)
Golovinomyces orontiie0pathogen - Gene
- pmr5e0
- Outcome
- resistant to the powdery mildew species Erysiphe cichoracearum and Erysiphe orontiie0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“A mutation in the pmr5 gene rendered Arabidopsis resistant to the powdery mildew species Erysiphe cichoracearum and Erysiphe orontii, but not to the unrelated pathogens Pseudomonas syringae or Peronospora parasitica.”
Claim · model-written summary
pmr5 mutation did not confer resistance to Pseudomonas syringae.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- A mutation in the pmr5 genee0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudomonas syringaee0pathogen - Outcome
- not to the unrelated pathogens Pseudomonas syringaee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A mutation in the pmr5 gene rendered Arabidopsis resistant to the powdery mildew species Erysiphe cichoracearum and Erysiphe orontii, but not to the unrelated pathogens Pseudomonas syringae or Peronospora parasitica.”
Claim · model-written summary
pmr5 mutation did not confer resistance to Peronospora parasitica.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- A mutation in the pmr5 genee0
- Interactor
- Peronospora parasitica
Hyaloperonospora parasiticae0pathogen - Outcome
- not to the unrelated pathogens Pseudomonas syringae or Peronospora parasiticae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A mutation in the pmr5 gene rendered Arabidopsis resistant to the powdery mildew species Erysiphe cichoracearum and Erysiphe orontii, but not to the unrelated pathogens Pseudomonas syringae or Peronospora parasitica.”
Claim · model-written summary
PMR5 belongs to a large plant-specific gene family of unknown function.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- PMR5e0
- Outcome
- large family of plant-specific genes of unknown functione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PMR5 belongs to a large family of plant-specific genes of unknown function.”
e1“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
pmr5 resistance did not require salicylic acid or jasmonic acid/ethylene signaling.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- pmr5e0
- Outcome
- resistancee0
- Qualifier
- did not require signaling through either the salicylic acid or jasmonic acid/ethylene defense pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pmr5-mediated resistance did not require signaling through either the salicylic acid or jasmonic acid/ethylene defense pathways”
e1“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
pmr5 cell walls were enriched in pectin relative to wild type.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- pmr5e0
- Outcome
- pectine0
- Direction
- enrichede0
- Comparator
- wild-type cell wallse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the pmr5 cell walls were enriched in pectin and exhibited a reduced degree of pectin modification relative to wild-type cell walls.”
e1“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
pmr5 cell walls showed reduced pectin modification relative to wild type.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- pmr5e0
- Outcome
- degree of pectin modificatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- wild-type cell wallse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the pmr5 cell walls were enriched in pectin and exhibited a reduced degree of pectin modification relative to wild-type cell walls.”
e1“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
pmr5 mutant cells were smaller.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- mutante0
- Outcome
- cellse0
- Direction
- smallere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mutant had smaller cells”
e1“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The pmr5 pmr6 double mutant had higher uronic acid content than single mutants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- double mutant with pmr6e0
- Outcome
- total uronic acid contente0
- Direction
- strong increasee0
- Comparator
- single mutantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A double mutant with pmr6 (defective in a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored pectate lyase-like gene) exhibited a strong increase in total uronic acid content and a more severe reduction in size, relative to the single mutants”
e1“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The pmr5 pmr6 double mutant had a greater size reduction than single mutants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- double mutant with pmr6e0
- Outcome
- sizee0
- Direction
- more severe reductione0
- Comparator
- single mutantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A double mutant with pmr6 (defective in a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored pectate lyase-like gene) exhibited a strong increase in total uronic acid content and a more severe reduction in size, relative to the single mutants”
e1“Arabidopsis”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.